Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences: 5 Volume Set

With the increasing pressures on the availability and exploitation of fresh water resources through population increase, pollution and degradation of resources, and variations in distribution from regional and global change in the climate, compilation of knowledge in this area has become a prerequisite for education and training of practising and research hydrologists. The Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences is the definitive research level multi–volume treatment of this important topic.
Written and edited by leading worldwide authorities in the field, and comprising nearly 200 substantial articles, the Encyclopedia provides detailed, informed coverage of the subject. Organised into 17 themed parts for the reader′s ease of navigation, it offers up–to–date, scientifically rigorous information on all key aspects of the subject, from sub–catchment to the global scale, in a convenient and credible manner.Written by over 200 contributorsAvailable both in print and onlineIdeal for researchers in both academia and industry

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VOLUME 1.
List of Contributors.
Preface.
Abbreviations and Acronyms.
Part 1: Theory, Organization and Scale.
1 On the Fundamentals of Hydrological Sciences.
2 The Hydrologic Cycles and Global Circulation.
3 Hydrologic Concepts of Variability and Scale.
4 Organization and Process.
5 Fundamental Hydrologic Equations.
6 Principles of Hydrological Measurements.
7 Methods of Analyzing Variability.
8 Fractals and Similarity Approaches in Hydrology.
9 Statistical Upscaling and Downscaling in Hydrology.
10 Concepts of Hydrologic Modeling.
11 Upscaling and Downscaling – Dynamic Models.
12 Co–evolution of Climate, Soil and Vegetation.
13 Pattern, Process and Function: Elements of a Unified Theory of Hydrology at the Catchment Scale.
Part 2: Hydroinformatics.
14 Hydroinformatics and its Contributions to Hydrology: From Computation to Communication.
15 Digital Elevation Model Analysis and Geographic Information Systems.
16 Numerical Flood Simulation.
17 Hydrological and Environmental Modeling of Transport Processes in Rivers and Estuaries.
18 Shallow Water Models with Porosity for Urban Flood Modeling.
19 Data–driven Modeling and Computational Intelligence Methods in Hydrology.
20 Artificial Neural Network Concepts in Hydrology.
21 Rainfall–runoff Modeling Based on Genetic Programming.
22 Evolutionary Computing in Hydrological Sciences.
23 Flood Early Warning Systems for Hydrological (sub) Catchments.
24 Network Distributed Decision Support Systems and the Role of Hydrological Knowledge.
Part 3: Meteorology and Climatology.
25 Global Energy and Water Balances.
26 Weather Patterns and Weather Types.
27 Storm Systems.
28 Clouds and Precipitation.
29 Atmospheric Boundary–Layer Climates and Interactions with the Land Surface.
30 Topographic Effects on Precipitation.
31 Models of Clouds, Precipitation and Storms.
32 Models of Global and Regional Climate.
33 Human Impacts on Weather and Climate.
34 Climate Change – Past, Present and Future.
Part 4: Hydrometeorology.
35 Rainfall Measurement: Gauges.
36 Precipitation Measurement: Gauge Deployment.
37 Rainfall Trend Analysis: Return Period.
38 Fog as a Hydrologic Input.
39 Surface Radiation Balance.
40 Evaporation Measurement.
41 Evaporation Modeling: Potential.
42 Transpiration.
43 Evaporation of Intercepted Rainfall.
44 Evaporation from Lakes.
45 Actual Evaporation.
VOLUME 2.
List of Contributors xi
Preface.
Abbreviations and Acronyms.
Part 5: Remote Sensing.
46 Principles of Radiative Transfer.
47 Sensor Principles and Remote Sensing Techniques.
48 Ground–based and Airborne Lid ar.
49 Estimation of Surface Insolation.
50 Estimation of the Surface Energy Balance.
51 Spatially Resolved Measurements of Evapotranspiration by Lidar.
52 Estimation of Surface Temperature and Surface Emissivity.
53 Estimation of Surface Freeze–Thaw States Using Microwave Sensors.
54 Estimation of Surface Soil Moisture Using Microwave Sensors.
55 Estimation of Snow Extent and Snow Properties.
56 Estimation of Glaciers and Sea–ice Extent and their Properties.
57 Land–cover Classification and Change Detection.
58 Characterizing Forest Canopy Structure and Ground Topography Using Lidar.
59 Estimation of Soil Properties Using Hyperspectral VIS/IR Sensors.
60 Estimation of River and Water–Body Stage, Width and Gradients Using Radar Altimetry, Interferometric SAR and Laser Altimetry.
61 Estimation of River Discharge.
62 Estimation of Suspended Sediment and Algae in Water Bodies.
63 Estimation of Precipitation Using Ground–based, Active Microwave Sensors.
64 Satellite–based Estimation of Precipitation Using Microwave Sensors.
65 Estimation of Water Vapor and Clouds Using Microwave Sensors.
Part 6: Soils.
66 Soil Water Flow at Different Spatial Scales.
67 Hydrology of Swelling Clay Soils.
68 Water Movement in Hydrophobic Soils.
69 Solute Transport in Soil at the Core and Field Scale.
70 Transpiration and Root Water Uptake.
71 Freezing and Thawing Phenomena in Soils.
72 Measuring Soil Water Content.
73 Soil Water Potential Measurement.
74 Soil Hydraulic Properties.
75 Determining Soil Hydraulic Properties.
76 Models for Indirect Estimation of Soil Hydraulic Properties.
77 Inverse Modeling of Soil Hydraulic Properties.
78 Models of Water Flow and Solute Transport in the Unsaturated Zone.
79 Assessing Uncertainty Propagation Through Physically based Models of Soil Water Flow and Solute Transport.
Part 7: Erosion and Sedimentation.
80 Erosion and Sediment Transport by Water on Hillslopes.
81 Erosion Monitoring.
82 Erosion Prediction and Modeling.
83 Suspended Sediment Transport – Flocculation and Particle Characteristics.
84 Floodplain Sedimentation – Methods, Patterns, and Processes: A Review with Examples from the Lower Rhine, the Netherlands.
85 Sediment Yields and Sediment Budgets.
86 Measuring Sediment Loads, Yields, and Source Tracing.
87 Sediment Yield Prediction and Modeling.
88 Reservoir Sedimentation.
89 On the Worldwide Riverine Transport of Sediment – Associated Contaminants to the Ocean.
90 Lake Sediments as Records of Past Catchment Response.
VOLUME 3.
List of Contributors.
Preface.
Abbreviations and Acronyms.
Part 8: Water Quality and Biogeochemistry.
91 Water Quality.
92 Water Quality Monitoring.
93 Effects of Human Activities on Water Quality.
94 Point and NonPoint Source Pollution.
95 Acidic Deposition: Sources and Effects.
96 Nutrient Cycling.
97 Urban Water Quality.
98 Pathogens.
99 Salinization.
100 Water Quality Modeling.
Part 9: Ecological and Hydrological Interactions.
101 Ecosystem Processes.
102 Trophic Dynamics.
103 Terrestrial Ecosystems.
104 Satellite–Based Analysis of Ecological Controls for Land–Surface Evaporation Resistance.
105 Microbial Transport in the Subsurface.
106 Groundwater Microbial Communities.
107 Natural and Constructed Wetlands.
108 Lake Ecosystems (Stratification and Seasonal Mixing Processes, Pelagic and Benthic Coupling).
109 Reservoirs.
110 Paleolimnology and Paleohydrology.
Part 10: Rainfall–runoff Processes.
111 Rainfall Excess Overland Flow.
112 Subsurface Stormflow.
113 Hyporheic Exchange Flows.
114 Snowmelt Runoff Generation.
115 Landscape Element Contributions to Storm Runoff.
116 Isotope Hydrograph Separation of Runoff