Electrochemical Systems

The new edition of the cornerstone text on electrochemistry
Electrochemistry represents a dynamic field with many applications in today′s industrial economy: batteries and fuel cells; production and refining of metals and chemicals; fabricating of electronic materials and devices; operation of sensors; and understanding nerve action and drug delivery. The understanding and design of electrochemical systems is both fascinating and challenging because of the simultaneous interplay of mass transport, fluid dynamics, charge transport, electrochemical kinetics, and thermal effects.
The recognized standard of the field, Electrochemical Systems thoroughly covers a wide range of systems and topics in electrochemical engineering. Newly updated and expanded, the Third Edition of this cornerstone text features: Rigorous and complete presentation of the fundamental conceptsIn–depth examples applying the concepts to real–life design problemsHomework problems ranging from the reinforcing to the highly thought–provokingExtensive bibliography giving both the historical development of the field and references for the practicing electrochemist
Suitable for serious study and application, the material presented spans all the major areas of electrochemistry, from the basics of thermodynamics and electrode kinetics to transport phenomena in electrolytes, metals, and semiconductors. Revisions and additions in this Third Edition cover important new treatments, ideas, and technologies while also increasing the book′s accessibility for readers in related fields. Electrochemical Systems, Third Edition offers researchers, developers, and advanced students an essential update of this benchmark reference.

Spis treści:
PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION.
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION.
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION.
1 INTRODUCTION.
1.1 Definitions.
1.2 Thermodynamics and Potential.
1.3 Kinetics and Rates of Reaction.
1.4 Transport.
1.5 Concentration Overpotential and the Diffusion Potential.
1.6 Overall Cell Potential.
Problems.
Notation.
PART A: THERMODYNAMICS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS.
2 THERMODYNAMICS IN TERMS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL POTENTIALS.
2.1 Phase Equilibrium.
2.2 Chemical Potential and Electrochemical Potential.
2.3 Definition of Some Thermodynamic Functions.
2.4 Cell with Solution of Uniform Concentration.
2.5 Transport Processes in Junction Regions.
2.6 Cell with a Single Electrolyte of Varying Concentration.
2.7 Cell with Two Electrolytes, One of Nearly Uniform Concentration.
2.8 Cell with Two Electrolytes, Both of Varying Concentration.
2.9 Standard Cell Potential and Activity Coefficients.
2.10 Pressure Dependence of Activity Coefficients.
2.11 Temperature Dependence of Cell Potentials.
Problems.
Notation.
References.
3 THE ELECTRIC POTENTIAL.
3.1 The Electrostatic Potential.
3.2 Intermolecular Forces.
3.3 Outer and Inner Potentials.
3.4 Potentials of Reference Electrodes.
3.5 The Electric Potential in Thermodynamics.
Notation.
References.
4 ACTIVITY COEFFICIENTS.
4.1 Ionic Distributions in Dilute Solutions.
4.2 Electrical Contribution to the Free Energy.
4.3 Shortcomings of the Debye–Hu¨ckel Model.
4.4 Binary Solutions.
4.5 Multicomponent Solutions.
4.6 Measurement of Activity Coefficients.
4.7 Weak Electrolytes.
Problems.
Notation.
References.
5 REFERENCE ELECTRODES.
5.1 Criteria for Reference Electrodes.
5.2 Experimental Factors Affecting The Selection of Reference Electrodes.
5.3 The Hydrogen Electrode.
5.4 The Calomel Electrode and Other Mercury–Mercurous Salt Electrodes.
5.5 The Mercury–Mercuric Oxide Electrode.
5.6 Silver–Silver Halide Electrodes.
5.7 Potentials Relative to a Given Reference Electrode.
Notation.
References.
6 POTENTIALS OF CELLS WITH JUNCTIONS.
6.1 Nernst Equation.
6.2 Types of Liquid Junctions.
6.3 Formulas for Liquid–Junction Potentials.
6.4 Determination of Concentration Profiles.
6.5 Numerical Results.
6.6 Cells with Liquid Junction.
6.7 Error in the Nernst Equation.
6.8 Potentials Across Membranes.
Problems.
Notation.
References.
PART B: ELECTRODE KINETICS AND OTHER INTERFACIAL PHENOMENA.
7 STRUCTURE OF THE ELECTRIC DOUBLE LAYER.
7.1 Qualitative Description of Double Layers.
7.2 Gibbs Adsorption Isotherm.
7.3 The Lippmann Equation.
7.4 The Diffuse Part of the Double Layer.
7.5 Capacity of the Double Layer in the Absence of Specific Adsorption.
7.6 Specific Adsorption at an Electrode–Solution Interface.
Problems.
Notation.
References.
8 ELECTRODE KINETICS.
8.1 Heterogeneous Electrode Reactions.
8.2 Dependence of Current Density on Surface Overpotential.
8.3 Models for Electrode Kinetics.
8.4 Effect of Double–Layer Structure.
8.5 The Oxygen Electrode.
8.6 Methods of Measurement.
8.7 Simultaneous Reactions.
Problems.
Notation.
References.
9 ELECTROKINETIC PHENOMENA.
9.1 Discontinuous Velocity at an Interface.
9.2 Electro–Osmosis and the Streaming Potential.
9.3 Electrophoresis.
9.4 Sedimentation Potential.
Problems.
Notation.
References.
10 ELECTROCAPILLARY PHENOMENA.
10.1 Dynamics of Interfaces.
10.2 Electrocapillary Motion of Mercury Drops.
10.3 Sedimentation Potentials for Falling Mercury Drops.
Notation.
References.
PART C: TRANSPORT PROCESSES IN ELECTROLYTIC SOLUTIONS.
11 INFINITELY DILUTE SOLUTIONS.
11.1 Transport Laws.
11.2 Conductivity, Diffusion Potentials, and Transference Numbers.
11.3 Conservation of Charge.
11.4 The Binary Electrolyte.
11.5 Supporting Electrolyte.
11.6 Multicomponent Diffusion by Elimination of the Electric Field.
11.7 Mobilities and Diffusion Coefficients.
11.8 Ele ctroneutrality and Laplace’s Equation.
11.9 Moderately Dilute Solutions.
Problems.
Notation.
References.
12 CONCENTRATED SOLUTIONS.
12.1 Transport Laws.
12.2 The Binary Electrolyte.
12.3 Reference Velocities.
12.4 The Potential.
12.5 Connection with Dilute–Solution Theory.
12.6 Multicomponent Transport.
12.7 Liquid–Junction Potentials.
Problems.
Notation.
References.
13 THERMAL EFFECTS.
13.1 Thermal Diffusion.
13.2 Heat Generation, Conservation, and Transfer.
13.3 Heat Generation at an Interface.
13.4 Thermogalvanic Cells.
Problems.
Notation.
References.
14 TRANSPORT PROPERTIES.
14.1 Infinitely Dilute Solutions.
14.2 Solutions of a Single Salt.
14.3 Multicomponent Solutions.
14.4 Integral Diffusion Coefficients for Mass Transfer.
Problem.
Notation.
References.
15 FLUID MECHANICS.
15.1 Mass and Momentum Balances.
15.2 Stress in a Newtonian Fluid.
15.3 Boundary Conditions.
15.4 Fluid Flow to a Rotating Disk.
15.5 Magnitude of Electrical Forces.
15.6 Turbulent Flow.
15.7 Mass Transfer in Turbulent Flow.
Problem .
Notation.
References.
PART D: CURRENT DISTRIBUTION AND MASS TRANSFER IN ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS.
16 FUNDAMENTAL EQUATIONS.
16.1 Transport in Dilute Solutions.
16.2 Electrode Kinetics.
Notation.
17 CONVECTIVE–TRANSPORT PROBLEMS.
17.1 Simplifications for Convective Transport.
17.2 The Rotating Disk.
17.3 The Graetz Problem.
17.4 The Annulus.
17.5 Two–Dimensional Diffusion Layers in Laminar Forced Convection.
17.6 Axisymmetric Diffusion Layers in Laminar Forced Convection.
17.7 A Flat Plate in a Free Stream.
17.8 Rotating Cylinders.
17.9 Growing Mercury Drops.
17.10 Free Convection.
17.11 Combined Free and Forced Convection.
17.12 Limitations of Surface Reactions.
17.13 Binary and Concentrated Solutions.
Problems.
Notation.
References.
18 AP