The Superintendents Guide to Controlling Putting Green Speed

The only must–have guide to managing putting green speed The Superintendent’s Guide to Controlling Putting Green Speed is a valuable tool for successfully caring for what a Golf Course Superintendents Association of America survey identified as the number one factor golfers consider about a golf course–green speed. In accessible, nontechnical language, this insightful reference addresses every factor affecting green performance, complete with guidance for analyzing and solving problems commonly found on a broad range of golf courses. The Superintendent’s Guide to Controlling Putting Green Speed presents an authoritative compilation of applied research using the Stimpmeter to identify how factors including turfgrass species, root zone, environmental conditions, and cultural practices impact green speed. This full–service guide also provides decision–making advice by challenging the manager to consider the law of diminishing return and provide a proven technique for finding his or her golf course’s ideal green speed. The Superintendent’s Guide to Controlling Putting Green Speed is a complete resource for golf course superintendents, architects, owners, green committee members, and students who want to successfully manage green speed.

Preface. Introduction. 1. Problems Associated with Green Speed. What Is Green Speed? The Best Laid Plans. Researcher–Superintendent Communication Problems. Whose Golf Course Is It Anyway? 2. The History of Measuring Green Speed. The Development of the Stimpmeter. New Technology. 3. Using the Stimpmeter for Its Intended Purpose: Creating the Ideal Green Speed. Twenty–Five–Year Anniversary. Uniformity. Uniformity 1. Uniformity 2. The Two Directives. Directive 1. Directive 2. The Morris Method. An Ideal Green Speed: What’s in It for You? Putting It All Together. 4. The Weather: The Known Unknown in the Quest for the Ideal Green Speed. Controlling the Weather. Seasonal Variability. Diurnal Variability. Rain, Wind, Temperature, and Humidity. Conclusions about Weather and Green Speed. 5. Putting Green Root Zones. Putting Green Root Zone History. The Effects of Root Zone on Green Speed. Root Zones and Management Practices. 6. Turfgrass Species and Green Speed. The Birth of Golf Turf Research. Early Perceptions of Green Speed on Various Turfgrass Species. Current Research with Putting Green Turf Species. Conclusions about Turfgrass Species. 7. Mowing Height. History of Putting Green Mowing Height. The Law of Diminishing Returns. Mower Height versus Height of Cut. Mower Types. Mower Type–Green Speed Study. Double Cutting. Conclusions about Mowing and Green Speed. 8. Fertilization and Green Speed. The Importance of Fertilizing. Nitrogen as a Fertilizer. Recent History of Nitrogen Fertilization on Greens. Nitrogen and Green Speed. Annual Nitrogen Rate and the “4–inch Theory”. Root Zone–Nitrogen Rate Interactions. Nitrogen Frequency and Its Effect on Green Speed. Fast–Release versus Slow–Release Nitrogen Carriers. Monthly Applications of Nitrogen and Plant Growth Regulators. A Comparison of Liquid Nitrogen Programs. Monthly Applications versus Granular Spoon–Feeding. Ultralow Nitrogen Rates to Enhance Green Speed. Conclusions about Nitrogen and Green Speed. Potassium Fertilization on the Golf Course. Potassium and Green Speed. Phosphorous. Micronutrients. Conclusions Regarding Fertilization and Green Speed. 9 Lightweight Rolling: A Most Vexing Practice for Many Superintendents. History of Rolling. In Search of a Safe Frequency for Lightweight Rolling. Lightweight Rollers and Green Speed. Research on Various Types of Lightweight Rollers. Lightweight Rolling and Turfgrass Pests. Dollar Spot. Moss and Broadleaf Weeds. Cutworms. Localized Dry Spot. Snow Mold. Conclusions about Lightweight Rolling. 10. An Integrated Approach to Green Speed Management and Tournament Preparation. The Scenario. Cultivation. Topdressing. Vertical Mowing and Grooming. Water and Air Injection Cultivation. Plant Growth Regulators. Irrigation. Tournament Preparation. Sand Topdressing. Nitrogen Fertilization. Mowing Height Reduction. Double Cutting. Rolling. Rolling and Double Cutting. Silica. Pin Placement. 11. Filling in the Missing Pieces. To Green Committee and Owners. To the Superintendent. Bibliography. Index.

THOMAS A. NIKOLAI, PhD, is the Turfgrass Academic Specialist at Michigan State University in East Lansing, Michigan. He is also a faculty member of The Golf Course Superintendents Association of America (GCSAA) specializing in green speed management issues. He spent ten years working on golf courses and ten years working as a turfgrass research technician studying such topics as fertilization, topdressing, lightweight green rolling, cultivation techniques, PGR’s, mowing heights, wetting agents, leaf mulching, irrigation scheduling, putting green root zone mixes, and alternative spikes.