Transparent Electronics: From Synthesis to Applications

The challenge for producing “invisible” electronic circuitry and opto–electronic devices is that the transistor materials must be transparent to visible light yet have good carrier mobilities. This requires a special class of materials having “contra–indicated properties” because from the band structure point of view, the combination of transparency and conductivity is contradictory.
Structured to strike a balance between introductory and advanced topics, this monograph juxtaposes fundamental science and technology / application issues, and essential materials characteristics versus device architecture and practical applications. The first section is devoted to fundamental materials compositions and their properties, including transparent conducting oxides, transparent oxide semiconductors, p–type wide–band–gap semiconductors, and single–wall carbon nanotubes. The second section deals with transparent electronic devices including thin–film transistors, photovoltaic cells, integrated electronic circuits, displays, sensors, solar cells, and electro–optic devices.
Describing scientific fundamentals and recent breakthroughs such as the first “invisible” transistor, Transparent Electronics: From Synthesis to Applications brings together world renowned experts from both academia, national laboratories, and industry.


Spis treści:
Preface.
List of Contributors.
1 Combining optical transparency with electrical conductivity: challenges and prospects (Julia Medvedeva.
1.1 Introduction.
1.2 Electronic Properties of Conventional TCO Hosts.
1.3 Carrier Generation in Conventional TCO Hosts.
1.4 Magnetically Mediated TCO.
1.5 Multicomponent TCO Hosts.
1.6 Electronic Properties of Light Metal Oxides.
1.7 Carrier Delocalization in Complex Oxides.
1.8 An Outlook: Toward an Ideal TCO.
References.
2 Transparent O xide Semiconductors: fundamentals and recent progress (Hideo Hosono).
2.1 Introduction.
2.2 Electronic structure in oxides: carrier transport paths in semiconductors.
2.3 Materials design of p–type TOSs[23,26].
2.4 Layered oxychalcogenides: improved p–type conduction and room–temperature stable excitons [26,32,33].
2.5 Nano–porous crystal, C12A7: new functions created by subnanometre cages and clathrated anions [39,40].
2.6 Transparent amorphous oxide semiconductors (TAOS) and their TFT applications.
2.7 Perspective.
References.
3 p–Type Wide–Band–Gap Semiconductors for Transparent Electronics (Janet Tate and Douglas A. Keszler).
3.1 Introduction.
3.2 Applications.
3.3 Challenges Associated with p–Type Wide–Gap Semiconductors.
3.4 Materials.
3.5 Outlook and Prospects.
References.
4 Lead Oxide, Synthesis and Applications (Dale L. Perry).
4.1 Introduction.
4.2 Overview of synthetic methods and approaches.
4.3 Synthesis of lead oxides.
4.4 Applications of lead oxides.
4.5 Summary.
Acknowledgments.
References.
5 Deposition and Performance Challenges of Transparent Conductive Oxides (TCO) on Plastic Substrates (Clark I. Bright).
5.1 Introduction.
5.2 Challenges with Plastic Substrate.
5.3 TCO Performance Comparison – Glass Versus Plastics Substrates.
5.4 Conductivity Mechanisms in TCO.
5.5 Qualitative TCO Doping Model.
5.6 Industrial TCO Deposition Methods on Plastic Substrates.
5.7 Developing a TCO Deposition Process.
5.8 Controlling TCO E/O Properties.
5.9 TSO for Transparent Oxide Electronics.
5.10 p–Type TCO and TSO.
5.11 Chapter Key Points and Summary.
6 Oxide semiconductors: from materials to devices (Elvira Fortunato, Pedro Barquinha, Gonçalo Gonçalves, Luís Pereira, and Rodrigo Martins).
6.1 Introduction.
6.2 Historical background: From FETs to TFTs.
6.3 Transparent oxide semiconductors.
6.4 Emerging devices based on cellulose paper: paper FETs.
6.5 Conclusions and outlook.
6.6 Acknowledgements.
References.
7 Carbon Nanotube Transparent Electrodes (Teresa M. Barnes and Jeffrey L. Blackburn).
7.1 Introduction.
7.2 Chirality and Band Structure of SWCNTs.
7.3 Synthesis, Purification, and Dispersion of SWCNTs.
7.4 Deposition of SWCNT Networks.
7.5 Effects of Chemical Doping.
7.6 Optical Properties of SWCNTs and SWCNT Networks.
7.7 Electrical Properties of SWCNT Networks.
7.8 Sheet Resistance and Transport Measurements.
7.9 Morphology of SWCNT Networks.
7.10 Literature Results on Transparent SWCNT Networks.
7.11 Conclusions.
Acknowledgments.
References.
8 Application of transparent amorphous oxide TFT to electronic paper (Manabu Ito).
8.1 Introduction.
8.2 Microencapsulated Electrophoretic Display.
8.3 Flexible Electronic Paper.
8.4 Application of Transparent Electronics.
8.5 Conclusion.
Acknowledgements.
References.
9 Solution–processed electronics based on transparent conductive oxides (Vivek Subramanian).
9.1 Introduction.
9.2 The case for printed electronics.
9.3 The case for solution–processed transparent conductive oxides.
References.
10 Transparent Metal Oxide Nanowire Electronics (Rocío Ponce Ortiz, Antonio Facchetti, and Tobin J. Marks).
10.1 Introduction.
10.2 Nanowire Transistors.
10.3 Transparent Nanowire Circuits and Displays.
10.4 Conclusions.
References.
11 Application of transparent oxide semiconductors for flexible electronics (Peter F. Carcia).
11.1 Introduction.
11.2 Zinc Oxide.
11.3 Indium Oxide.
11.4 SnO2 thin film transistors.
11.5 Gate Dielectrics.
11.6 Transistors on plastic substrates.
11.7 Patterning.
11.8 Conclusions.Acknowledgments.
References.
12 Transparent OLED Displays (Thomas Riedl).
12.1 Introduction.
12.2 Transparent OLEDs.
12.3 Transparent Thin Film Transistors.
12.4 Transparent Active Matrix OLED Displays.
12.5 Conclusions.
Acknowledgements.
References.
13 Oxide–Based Electrochromics (Claes G. Granqvist).
14 Transparent solar cells based on organic polymers (Jinsong Huang, Gang Li, Walker Li, Raymond Chen and Yang Yang).
15 Organic Electro–Optic Modulators with Substantially Enhanced Performance based on Transparent Electrodes (Fei Yi, Seng–Tiong Ho and Tobin Marks).
16 Naphthalenetetracarboxylic Dimides as Transparent Organic Semiconductors (Kevin Cua See and Howard E. Katz).
17 Transparent metal oxide semiconductors as gas sensors (Camilla Baratto, Elisabetta Comini, Guido Faglia, Matteo Ferroni, Andrea Ponzoni, Alberto Vomiero and Giorgio Sberveglieri).
Index.

Okładka tylna:
The challenge for producing “invisible” electronic circuitry and opto–electronic devices is that the transistor materials must be transparent to visible light yet have good carrier mobilities. This requires a special class of materials having “contra–indicated properties” because from the band structure point of view, the combination of transparency and conductivity is contradictory.
Structured to strike a balance between introductory and advanced topics, this monograph juxtaposes fundamental science and technology / application issues, and essential materials characteristics versus device architecture and practical applications. The first section is devoted to fundamental materials compositions and their properties, including transparent conducting oxides, transparent oxide semiconductors, p–type wide–band–gap semiconductors, and single–wall carbon nanotube s. The second section deals with transparent electronic devices including thin–film transistors, photovoltaic cells, integrated electronic circuits, displays, sensors, solar cells, and electro–optic devices.
Describing scientific fundamentals and recent breakthroughs such as the first “invisible” transistor, Transparent Electronics: From Synthesis to Applications brings together world renowned experts from both academia, national laboratories, and industry.