Gigabit–capable Passive Optical Networks

Enables engineers to better understand, implement, and comply with G–PON standards

A passive optical network (PON) is a point–to–multipoint, fiber–to–the–premises network architecture in which unpowered optical splitters enable a single optical fiber to serve multiple premises. PONs consist of an optical line terminal at the service provider′s central office and a number of optical network units near the end users. Compared with point–to–point architectures, PONs reduce the amount of fiber and central office equipment required.

Gigabit–capable PONs (G–PONs) are today′s access network sweet spot, optimized to deliver IPTV and other high–bandwidth services at a reasonable cost. G–PONs have been deployed in numerous networks across the globe, and the trends indicate higher growth for G–PONs than other PON technologies.

Written by experts at the heart of G–PON development, standardization, and deployment, this text explains why the G–PON standards are what they are and how they impact the development of communication networks. It fully examines the historical development of the G–PON standards, pointing out alternatives and comparing them to other PON standards.

The book begins with an introduction to the evolution of G–PON technology and standards. Next, it covers:

System requirements

Optical layer

Transmission convergence layer

Management

Services

Other technologies such as Ethernet PON, wireless broadband, and access migration

This book not only examines current standards and technology, it also looks at evolving technology, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of various access networks currently under investigation.

Gigabit–capable Passive Optical Networks is essential for all engineers responsible for developing and maintaining G–PONs, providing them with information and guidance they need to fully understand, implement, and comply with the standards.

Acknowledgments xi

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Target Audience / 3

1.2 Evolution of G–PON Technology and Standards / 3

2 System Requirements 9

2.1 G–PON Operation / 10

2.2 ONU Types / 13

2.3 Network Considerations / 16

2.4 OLT Variations and Reach Extenders / 26

2.5 ONU Powering / 33

2.6 Technology Requirements / 42

2.7 Management Requirements / 44

2.8 Maintenance / 46

3 Optical Layer 49

3.1 Introduction / 50

3.2 Optical Fiber / 54

3.3 Connectors and Splices / 61

3.4 WDM Devices and Optical Filters / 64

3.5 Passive Optical Splitters / 67

3.6 Power Budget / 71

3.7 Coexistence / 77

3.8 Optical Transmitters / 82

3.9 Optical Receivers / 91

3.10 G–PON Transceiver Modules / 106

3.11 Optical Amplifiers / 113

3.12 Reach Extension / 118

4 Transmission Convergence Layer 127

4.1 Framing / 129

4.2 ONU Activation / 166

4.3 ONU Transmission Timing and Equalization Delay / 177

4.4 ONU Registration / 187

4.5 ONU Energy Conservation / 190

4.6 Security / 200

5 Management 219

5.1 The Toolkit / 219

5.2 Equipment Management / 240

5.3 Reach Extender Management / 249

5.4 PON Maintenance / 252

5.5 Obsolete Fragments of Information Model / 254

6 Services 255

6.1 Basic Ethernet Management / 256

6.2 Multicast / 275

6.3 Quality of Service / 285

6.4 IP Services / 303

6.5 POTS / 306

6.6 Pseudowires / 317

6.7 Digital Subscriber Line UNIs / 333

6.8 RF Video / 337

7 Other Technologies 339

7.1 Ethernet PON, EPON / 340

7.2 Wireless Broadband / 352

7.3 Copper / 353

7.4 Ethernet, Point to Point / 354

7.5 WDM PON / 357

7.6 Access Migration / 360

Appendix I FEC and HEC in G–PON 363

I.1 Redundancy and Error Correction / 363

I.2 Forward Error Correction / 364

I.3 Hybrid Error Correction / 374

Appendix II PLOAM Messages 375

II.1. PLOAM Messages in G.987 XG–PON / 375

II.2. PLOAM Messages in G.984 G–PON / 388

References 403

International Telecommunications Union, Telecommunication Standardization Sector / 403

Broadband Forum / 405

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers / 405

Internet Engineering Task Force / 406

Other / 407

Acronyms 409

Index 423

Dave Hood is a Distinguished Engineer at Ericsson AB. He was involved with passive optical networks since they were first conceived in the 1980s. He was active in the FSAN and ITU communities, where, among other responsibilities, he served as editor of OMCI Recommendation G.988. Dave is presently active in the SDN community.

Elmar Trojer is a Master Resarch Engineer at Ericsson AB, where he has developed dynamic line management solutions for ADSL2+ and VDSL2 and prototyped the DSL automatic optimizer that became an Ericsson product. He also prototyped the world′s first Gb/s passive optical network system.