Physiology and Behaviour of Plants

From the bizarre, sticky fly paper tactics of carnivorous plants, to the amazing capabilities of resurrection plants and the beautiful bee orchid that uses mimicry to attract pollinators, Peer Scot′s engaging textbook celebrates plants in all their glory and provides a thought–provoking introduction to how they sense and respond to their environment.
Plants have to meet the same challenges as animals in order to survive, but have evolved to overcome these challenges in very different ways. this exciting new textbook will help firs and second year biological science students get to grips with the biochemistry that underlies the behaviour of plants and appreciate them as dynamic, territorial and sometime aggressive organisms, capable of long–range communication.
Features:a fresh, innovative introduction to plant biologya wealth of examples, specifically chosen to capture and engage the reader′s interest, including topics such as plant defences, interactions with the animal kingdom, plants and medicines and carnivorous plantsstunning colour illustrations and photographs designed to captivate the reader and reinforce key concepts explored within the textan exploration of molecular mechanisms underlying plant physiology and behaviour from a whole plant perspective

Spis treści:
Chapter 1 Introducing Plants
Introduction
The beginning: the evolution of plants and the major divisions
Conquering the land
The evolution of lignin
Plants and mass extinction
Floristic kingdoms, Biogeography and Biomes
What makes a plant?
Structure of the whole plant
Structure of the plant cell
The chloroplast
The vacuole
Microbodies
The cell wall
Plasmodesmata
References
Figure Legends
Chapter 2 Photosynthesis the ultimate in autotrophy
Introduction
Light harvestingLeaf form
Chlorophyll and the chloroplast
Converting light energy into chemical energy
The Calvin cycle
Photorespiration
Carbohydrate synthesis and storage
The fate of carbon fixed during photosynthesis
The efficiency of photosynthesis
References
Figure Legends
Chapter 3 Nonphotosynthetic metabolism
Introduction
Phloem transport
Structure of the phloem
Coping with damage to the phloem
The sink tissues
Sink regulation of photosynthesis
References
Figure Legends
Chapter 4 Roots and the uptake of water
Introduction
Types of root
Functions of roots
Structure of roots
Osmosis
Loading and movement in the xylem
Stomata
References
Figure legends
Chapter 5 Mineral nutrition of plants
Introduction
Soil structure and mineral ions
General ion uptake
Phosphorus uptake and assimilation
Nitrogen uptake and assimilation
Iron uptake and assimilation
Sulphur uptake and assimilation
Function and effects of deficiencies of mineral ions on plants
Major elements
Minor elements
References
Figure legends
Chapter 6 Mycorrhizal Associations and Saprophytic Nutrition
Introduction
Mycorrhizal associations
Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal associations
Orchidaceous mycorrhizal associations
Ectomycorrhiza
Ericaceous mycorrhiza
Ectendomycorrhiza
Development of the mycorrhizal association
The role of the mycorrhizal association
Saprophytic nutrition
References
Figure Legends
Chapter 7 Parasitic plants
Introduction
Establishing a parasitic relationship
Facultative parasitic plants
Obligate parasitic plants, hemi–parasites
Obligate parasitic plants, holo–parasites
Parasitic sp ecies other than the dicotyledons
References
Tables
Figure Legends
Chapter 8 Carnivorous Plants
Introduction
Carnivory: the search for a definition
Why have some plants turned to carnivory?
Bladderworts (genus Utricularia)
Sundews (genus Drosera)
References
Background general reading
Figure Legends
Chapter 9 Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
Introduction
Asexual Reproduction
Roots
Stems
Leaves
Apomixis
Sexual Reproduction
Wind based pollination
Insect based pollination
Pollination
Mechanisms for improving cross fertilisation
Self incompatibility mechanisms
Trifolium repens
Apple (Malus)
Papaver rhoeas
Petunia hybrida
Petunia inflata
Seed development
References
Figure Legends
Chapter 10 Plant growth
Introduction
Types of growth
Cell division and the cell cycle
Polyploidy in plants
Seed formation and germination
The dividing meristem
Flower development
Vascular cambium and secondary growth
Intercalary meristem
Cell death
Plant growth regulators and cell growth
References
Figure Legends
Chapter 11 Plant Movement
Introduction
Tropism and nastic movements
Tropic movements
Nastic movements
Circumnutation
References
Figure Legends
Chapter 12 Plants and stress
Introduction
Adaptations to drought stress
Crassulacean acid metabolism
C4 photosynthesis
Resurrection plants
Salt stress
Flooding stress and anoxia
Cold stress
Adaptations to heat stress
References
Chapter 13 Plant senses and perceiving the world
Introduction
Sensing light (sight)
Protochlorophyllide
Phytochromes
Cryptoc hrome
Sensing time
Circadian clock
Photoperiodism
Sensing touch (feeling)
Sensing chemicals (taste)
Communicating (smell)
Sensing sounds (hearing)
References
Table 1. Ratios of red to far–red light in different environments. The data is based on that reported by Hopkins (1999)
Figure Legends.
Chapter 14 Seed dispersal, dormancy and germination
Introduction
Seed dispersal
Gravity–mediated dispersal
Wind–mediated dispersal
Water–mediated dispersal
Animal–mediated dispersal
Importance of post–dispersal mechanisms
Dormancy and germination
Recalcitrant seeds
Dormant seeds
Factors governing dormancy and germination
Presence of germination inhibitors
Presence of inhibitory tissues
Presence of germination promoters
References
Figure Legends
Chapter 15 Interactions with the Animal Kingdom
Introduction
Animal mediated pollination
Mimicry in plants
Batesian mimicry
Müllerian mimicry
Aggressive mimicry
Seed dispersal and food reserves: the role of humans
References
Figure Legends
Chapter 16 Plant defences
Introduction
Physical defence structures
The cuticle
The cell wall
The cell wall as a passive barrier
The cell wall as an active barrier
Poisons by injection or touch
Chemical defences
Terpenes
Nitrogen–containing organic compounds
Cyanogenic glycosides
Glycosinolates
Lectins
Alkaloids
Defence reactions and signal pathways
Jasmonic acid
Salicylic acid
Systemin.
Phytoalexins
Allelopathy
Recognising self
Mimicry and the enrolment of other organisms for protection
References
Figure Legends
Chapter 17 Plants and Medicines
Introduction
Doctrine of