Propagation of Sound in Porous Media: Modelling Sound Absorbing Materials 2e

"The first edition of this book is considered the bible of this topic... Suffice it to say that there is no other published treatise that approaches the depth of treatment offered by this book. The coverage is the state of the published art, while the added contents cover the new known developments in the field."  – Haisam Osman, Technology Development, Manager, United Launch Alliance
Propagation of Sound in Porous Media
Modeling Sound Absorbing Materials (2nd edition)
Jean–Francois Allard Université du Maine, France
Noureddine Atalla Université de Sherbrooke, Qc, Canada
This long–awaited second edition of a respected text from world leaders in the field of acoustic materials covers the state of the art with a depth of treatment unrivalled elsewhere. Allard and Atalla employ a logical and progressive approach that leads to a thorough understanding of porous material modelling.
The first edition introduced the basic theory of acoustics and the related techniques. Research and development in sound absorption has however progressed significantly since then, and the models and methods described, at the time highly technical and specialized, have since become main stream. In this second edition, several original topics have been revisited and practical prediction methods and industrial applications have been added that increase the breadth of its appeal to both academics and practising engineers. New chapters have also been added on numerical modeling in both low (finite element) and high frequency (Transfer Matrix Method).
Collating ′must–have′ information for engineers working in sound and vibration, Propagation of Sound in Porous Media, Second Edition offers an indisputable reference to a diverse audience; including graduate students and academics in mechanical & civil engineering, acoustics and noise control, as well as practising mechanical, chemical and materials engineers in the automotive, rail, aerospace, building and civil industries.

Spis treści:
Preface to the second edition.
1 Plane waves in isotropic fluids and solids.
1.1 Introduction.
1.2 Notation – vector operators.
1.3 Strain in a deformable medium.
1.4 Stress in a deformable medium.
1.5 Stress–strain relations for an isotropic elastic medium.
1.6 Equations of motion.
1.7 Wave equation in a fluid.
1.8 Wave equations in an elastic solid.
References.
2 Acoustic impedance at normal incidence of fluids. Substitution of a fluid layer for a porous layer.
2.1 Introduction.
2.2 Plane waves in unbounded fluids.
2.3 Main properties of impedance at normal incidence.
2.4 Reflection coefficient and absorption coefficient at normal incidence.
2.5 Fluids equivalent to porous materials: the laws of delany and bazley.
2.6 Examples.
2.7 The complex exponential representation.
References.
3 Acoustic impedance at oblique incidence in fluids. Substitution of a fluid layer for a porous layer.
3.1 Introduction.
3.2 Inhomogeneous plane waves in isotropic fluids.
3.3 Reflection and refraction at oblique incidence.
3.4 Impedance at oblique incidence in isotropic fluids.
3.5 Reflection coefficient and absorption coefficient at oblique incidence.
3.6 Examples.
3.7 Plane waves in fluids equivalent to transversely isotropic porous media.
3.8 Impedance at oblique incidence at the surface of a fluid equivalent to an anisotropic porous material.
3.9 Example.
References.
4 Sound propagation in cylindrical tubes and porous materials having cylindrical pores.
4.1 Introduction.
4.2 Viscosity effect in a cylindrical tube.
4.3 Thermal effects.
4.4 Effective density and bulk modulus for cylindrical tubes having triangular, rectangular and hexagonal cross–sections.
4.5 High– and low–freq uency approximation.
4.6 Evaluation of the effective density and the bulk modulus of the air in layers of porous materials with identical pores perpendicular to the surface.
4.7 The biot model for rigid framed materials.
4.8 Impedance of a layer with identical pores perpendicular to the surface.
4.9 Tortuosity and flow resistivity in a simple anisotropic material.
4.10 Impedance at normal incidence and sound propagation in oblique pores.
Appendix .A Important expressions.
Description on the microscopic scale.
Effective density and bulk modulus.
References.
5 Sound propagation in porous materials having a rigid frame.
5.1 Introduction.
5.2 Viscous and thermal dynamic and static permeability.
5.3 Classical tortuosity, characteristic dimensions, quasi–static tortuosity.
5.4 Models for the effective density and the bulk modulus of the saturating fluid.
5.5 Simpler models.
5.6 Prediction of the effective density and the bulk modulus of open cell foams and fibrous materials with the different models.
5.7 Fluid layer equivalent to a porous layer.
5.8 Summary of the semi–phenomenological models.
5.9 Homogenization.
5.10 Double porosity media.
Appendix .A: Simplified calculation of the tortuosity for a porous material having pores made up of an alternating sequence of cylinders.
Appendix .B: Calculation of the characteristic length ——.
Appendix .C: Calculation of the characteristic length — for a cylinder perpendicular to the direction of propagation.
References.
6 Biot theory of sound propagation in porous materials having an elastic frame.
6.1 Introduction.
6.2 Stress and strain in porous materials.
6.3 Inertial forces in the biot theory.
6.4 Wave equations.
6.5 The two compressional waves and the shear wave.
6.6 Prediction of surface impedance at normal incidence for a layer of porous material backed by an im pervious rigid wall.
Appendix .A: Other representations of the Biot theory.
References.
7 Point source above rigid framed porous layers.
7.1 Introduction.
7.2 Sommerfeld rep.resentation of the monopole field over a plane reflecting surface.
7.3 The complex sinθ plane.
7.4 The method of steepest descent.
7.5 Poles of the reflection coefficient.
7.6 The pole subtraction method.
7.7 Pole localization.
7.8 The modified version of the chien and soroka model.
Appendix .A Evaluation of N.
Appendix .B Evaluation of pr by the pole subtraction method.
Appendix .C From the pole subtraction to the passage path: Locally reacting surface.
References.
8 Porous frame excitation by point sources in air and by stress circular and line sources – modes of air saturated porous frames.
8.1 Introduction.
8.2 Prediction of the frame displacement.
8.3 Semi–infinite layer – Rayleigh wave.
8.4 Layer of finite thickness – modified rayleigh wave.
8.5 Layer of finite thickness – modes and resonances.
Appendix .A Coefficients rij and Mi,j.
Appendix .B Double Fourier transform and Hankel transform.
Appendix .B Appendix .C Rayleigh pole contribution.
References.
9 Porous materials with perforated facings.
9.1 Introduction.
9.2 Inertial effect and flow resistance.
9.3 Impedance at normal incidence of a layered porous material covered by a perforated facing – helmoltz resonator.
9.4 Impedance at oblique incidence of a layered porous material covered by a facing having cirular perforations.
References.
10 Transversally isotropic poroelastic media.
10.1 Introduction.
10.2 Frame in vacuum.
10.3 Transversally isotropic poroelastic layer.
10.4 Waves with a given slowness component in the symmetry plane.
10.5 Sound source in air above a layer of finite thickness.
10.6 Me