Viral Hepatitis

VIRAL HEPATITIS, 4 TH EDITION Edited b Howard C. Thomas, Imperial College London, London, UK Arie J. Zuckerman, University College London, London, UK Anna S. F. Lok, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Stephen A. Locarnini, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Melbourne, VIC, Australia The 4 th edition of Viral Hepatitis covers comprehensively the entire complex field of infections caused by all of the different hepatitis viruses, which affect many millions of people throughout the world with considerable morbidity and mortality. Howard Thomas and Arie Zuckerman are joined by Anna Lok from the USA and Stephen Locarnini from Australia as Editors.  They have recruited leading researchers and physicians from many countries, who have produced an authoritative account of current knowledge and research on this important infection, including new insights into immune response to HBV and HCV.  The result is a comprehensive account on all aspects of viral hepatitis, including rapid advances in the diagnosis, management, treatment and prevention of a complex infection, which in the case of hepatitis B, C and D may lead to severe complications including chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The latest edition of Viral Hepatitis offers an essential resource of current information for hepatologists, gastroenterologists, infectious diseases specialists and other clinicians, researchers, public health physicians and National and International Health Authorities.

Contributors, vii Preface, xii Section I: Introduction to Liver Biology 1 Liver regeneration and fibrosis, 3 Stuart J. Forbes and Malcolm R. Alison 2 Hepatic immunology, 13 Gyongyi Szabo and Johanna Bruneau Section II: Hepatitis A Virus 3 Structure, molecular virology, natural history, and experimental models, 29 Gerardo Kaplan, Krishnamurthy Konduru, Mohanraj Manangeeswaran, Jerome Jacques, Nadia Amharref, and Siham Nakamura 4 Epidemiology and prevention, 43 Benjamin Cowie and Stephen A. Locarnini Section III: Hepatitis B Virus and Other Hepadnaviridae 5 Structure and molecular virology, 65 Souphalone Luangsay and Fabien Zoulim 6 Epidemiology and prevention, 81 Philip R. Spradling, Dale J. Hu, and Brian J. McMahon 7 Other Hepadnaviridae (including Avihepadnaviridae and woodchuck hepatitis viruses), 96 Stephen A. Locarnini and Michael Roggendorf 8 Molecular variants of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), 107 Seyed Mohammad Jazayeri, Seyed Moayed Alavian, Payam Dindoost, Howard C. Thomas, and Peter Karayiannis 9 Molecular variants of the precore, core, and core promoter regions of hepatitis B virus, and their clinical significance, 127 Peter Karayiannis, William F. Carman, and Howard C. Thomas 10 Natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus infection, 143 Yun–Fan Liaw 11 Extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis B infection, 154 Christian Trépo, Majid Amiri, and Loïc Guillevin 12 Hepatocellular carcinoma: Molecular aspects in hepatitis B, 163 Marie Annick Buendia and Pierre Tiollais 13 Murine models and human studies of pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B, 176 Juandy Jo, Anthony Tanoto Tan, and Antonio Bertoletti 14 Treatment of hepatitis B, 188 Hellan K. Kwon and Annfca S.F. Lok 15 Liver transplantation for chronic hepatitis B and C, 203 Ed Gane Section IV: Hepatitis C Virus 16 Structure and molecular virology, 221 Michael J. McGarvey and Michael Houghton 17 Epidemiology and prevention, 246 Josep Quer and Juan I. Esteban Mur 18 The immune response to HCV in acute and chronic infection, 266 Robert Thimme and Salim I. Khakoo 19 Animal models of hepatitis C virus infection, 280 Patrizia Farci and Jens Bukh 20 Extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C virus infection, 295 Benjamin Maasoumy, Michael P. Manns, and Markus Cornberg 21 Central nervous system complications of hepatitis C virus infection, 310 Daniel M. Forton, Simon Taylor–Robinson, Markus Gess, and Howard C. Thomas 22 In vitro replication models, 325 Volker Lohmann, Sandra Bühler, and Ralf Bartenschlager 23 Natural history of chronic HCV infection and non–invasive assessment of hepatic fibrosis, 341 Laurent Castera 24 Hepatitis C and hepatocellular carcinoma, 353 Hubert E. Blum 25 Treatment of hepatitis C, 362 Christoph Welsch and Stefan Zeuzem Thomas—Viral Hepatitis 26 Development of anti–HCV drugs, 377 Esperance Schaefer and Raymond T. Chung Section V: Hepatitis D Virus 27 Structure and molecular virology, 395 Francesco Negro 28 Epidemiology and natural history, 403 Heiner Wedemeyer, Svenja Hardtke, and Michael P. Manns 29 Treatment of hepatitis D, 410 Alessia Ciancio and Mario Rizzetto Section VI: Hepatitis E Virus 30 Structure and molecular virology, 419 Xiang–Jin Meng 31 Epidemiology, experimental models, and prevention: zoonotic aspects of hepatitis E, 431 Subrat Kumar Panda and Satya Pavan Kumar Varma 32 Clinical and pathological features, and diagnosis, 442 Cyril Sieberhagen and Matthew E. Cramp Section VII: Clinical Aspects of Viral Liver Disease 33 Clinical and diagnostic aspects of viral hepatitis, 453 Cui Li Lin, Chelsea Q. Xu, and Jack R. Wands 34 Treatment of acute hepatitis, severe acute hepatitis, and acute liver failure, 468 Hans L. Tillmann and Alastair D. Smith 35 Hepatitis and hemophilia, 486 Mike Makris and Geoffrey Dusheiko 36 Hepatitis in persons infected with HIV, 494 Janice Main and Brendan McCarron 37 Migration, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C, 506 Manuel Carballo, Rowan Cody, and Megan Kelly 38 Occupational aspects of hepatitis, 515 William L. Irving and Fortune Ncube 39 Neonatal and pediatric infection, 529 Deirdre A. Kelly and C.Y. William Tong 40 Management of hepatocellular carcinoma, 544 Massimo Iavarone and Massimo Colombo 41 Application of molecular biology to the diagnosis of viral hepatitis, 552 Stéphane Chevaliez, Christophe Rodriguez, and Jean–Michel Pawlotsky 42 Disinfection and sterilization, 564 Martin S. Favero and Walter W. Bond 43 Evolution of hepatitis viruses, 575 Peter Simmonds and Donald B. Smith Index, 587 Colour plate