Drugs and the American Dream: An Anthology

Drugs and the American Dream presents an up–to–dateanthology of contemporary readings that explore the myriadsociological correlates of licit and illicit drug use in the UnitedStates. Featuring contributions from many leading experts in thefield, the book addresses topics such as, the origins and evolutionof drug use in the U.S., moral quandaries surrounding drug use, andhow race/ethnicity, social class, gender, and age affect drug use. This authoritative and thought–provoking anthology offersengaging, descriptive selections that can be analyzed andinterpreted differently, depending on the perspective of theinstructor and student.

List of Figures and Tables xi

Preface and Acknowledgments xiii

Source Acknowledgments xxii

About the Editors xxviii

About the Contributors xxx

Matrix of Drugs Addressed xliii

Part I: Perspectives on Drug Use 1

History and Theory

1. Harvey A. Siegal and James A. Inciardi: A Brief History ofAlcohol 4

2. David F. Musto: The American Disease: Narcotics inNineteenth–Century America 9

3. James A. Inciardi and Theodore J. Cicero: Black Beauties,Gorilla Pills, Footballs, and Hillbilly Heroin: Prescription DrugAbuse over the Past 40 Years 18

4. Norman E. Zinberg and Wayne M. Harding: Control andIntoxicant Use: A Theoretical and Practical Overview 24

Drug Scares and Moral Panics

5. Joseph R. Gusfield: Symbolic Crusade: Status Politics and theAmerican Temperance Movement 33

6. Craig Reinarman: The Social Construction of Drug Scares40

7. Justin L. Tuggle and Malcolm D. Holmes: Blowing Smoke: StatusPolitics and the Smoking Ban 48

8. Dale D. Chitwood, Sheigla Murphy, and Marsha Rosenbaum:Reflections on the Meaning of Drug Epidemics 55

Part II: Social Correlates of Drug Use 61

Race/Ethnicity

9. Todd G. Pierce: Gen–X Junkie: Young White Heroin Users inWashington, DC 64

10. Avelardo Valdez, Kathryn Nowotny, and Alice Cepeda: TheIntersection of Drug Use and Crime over the Life Course ofMexican–American Former Gang Members 72

11. Philippe Bourgois and Jeff Schonberg: Righteous Dopefi end80

12. Karen A. Joe Laidler: The Lives and Times of Asian–PacificAmerican Women Methamphetamine Users 87

13. Paul Spicer: Toward a (Dys)functional Anthropology ofDrinking: Ambivalence and the American Indian Experience withAlcohol 94

Social Class

14. Eloise Dunlap, Andrew Golub, and Bruce D. Johnson: TheSeverely Distressed African American Family in the Crack Era:Empowerment Is Not Enough 102

15. Matthew Petrocelli, Trish Oberweis, and Joseph Petrocelli:Getting Huge, Getting Ripped: An Exploration of RecreationalSteroid Use 112

16. Dean A. Dabney and Richard C. Hollinger: Drugged Druggists:The Convergence of Two Criminal Career Trajectories 120

17. A. Rafi k Mohamed and Erik D. Fritsvold: Why Rich Kids SellStreet Drugs: Wankstaz, Wannabes, and Capitalists in Training131

Gender

18. Katherine Sirles Vecitis: Drugs and Eating Disorders:Women s Instrumental Drug Use for Weight Control 141

19. Robert L. Peralta: College Alcohol Use and the Embodiment ofHegemonic Masculinity among European American Men 152

20. Monica Hardesty and Timothy Black: Mothering ThroughAddiction: A Survival Strategy among Puerto Rican Addicts 161

Youth and Aging

21. Patricia A. Adler and Peter Adler: Tinydopers: A Case Studyof Deviant Socialization 174

22. Meika Loe and Leigh Cuttino: Grappling with the MedicatedSelf: The Case of ADHD College Students 184

23. Tammy L. Anderson and Judith A. Levy: Marginality amongOlder Injectors in Today s Illicit Drug Culture: Assessingthe Impact of Ageing 193

24. Miriam Williams Boeri, Claire E. Sterk, and Kirk W. Elifson:Baby Boomer Drug Users: Career Phases, Identity, Self–Concept, andSocial Control 203

Part III: Drug Lifestyles 213

Managing Drug Use

25. Brian C. Kelly: Club Drug Use and Risk Management among Bridge and Tunnel Youth 215

26. René D. Drumm, Duane C. McBride, Lisa Metsch, MelodieNeufeld, and Alex Sawatsky: I m a Health Nut! Street Drug Users Accounts of Self–Care Strategies 224

27. José A. Bauermeister: Latino Gay Men s DrugFunctionality 231

28. Wendy Chapkis: Cannabis, Consciousness, and Healing 240

29. Patricia A. Adler: The Dealing Lifestyle 249

The Economics of Drugs

30. Lisa Maher and Kathleen Daly: Women in the Street–Level DrugEconomy: Continuity or Change? 257

31. Steven D. Levitt and Sudhir Alladi Venkatesh: An EconomicAnalysis of a Drug–Selling Gang s Finances 266

Crime and Violence

32. Paul J. Goldstein: The Drugs/Violence Nexus: A TripartiteConceptual Framework 277

33. Bruce A. Jacobs, Volkan Topalli, and Richard Wright:Managing Retaliation: Drug Robbery and Informal Sanction Threats285

34. Stephanie Brophy: Mexico: Cartels, Corruption, and Cocaine:A Profi le of the Gulf Cartel 295

35. Peter Reuter: Systemic Violence in Drug Markets 305

Part IV: Societal Response to Drug Use 313

Education

36. Earl Wysong and David W. Wright: A Decade of DARE: Efficacy,Politics and Drug Education 316

37. Marsha Rosenbaum: Safety First: A Reality–Based Approach toTeens, Drugs, and Drug Education 327

Treatment

38. George De Leon: The Therapeutic Community: Perspective andApproach 336

39. Lee Garth Vigilant: Illness Narratives of Recovering onMethadone Maintenance 344

40. Robert Granfi eld and William Cloud: The Elephant that NoOne Sees: Natural Recovery among Middle–Class Addicts 351

41. James L. Nolan, Jr: Drug Treatment Courts and the DiseaseParadigm 359

Policy

42. Stanton Peele: Reducing Harms from Youth Drinking 370

43. Duane C. McBride, Yvonne Terry–McElrath, Henrick Harwood,James A. Inciardi, and Carl Leukefeld: Refl ections on Drug Policy378

44. Ethan Nadelmann: Think Again: Drugs 386

45. Harry G. Levine: The Secret of Global Drug Prohibition: ItsUses and Crises 391

Index 400

Patricia A. Adler is Professor of Sociology at theUniversity of Colorado, Boulder. Her areas of interest are deviantbehavior, social psychology, and qualitative methods. Her classicbook, Wheeling and Dealing (1993), was one of the firstexplorations of upper–level drug dealers and smugglers.

Peter Adler is Professor of Sociology at the Universityof Denver. His areas of interest are sociology of drugs, sociologyof sport, and symbolic interactionism. Along with Patricia, he haswritten many books, including Backboards & Blackboards(1991), Peer Power (1998), Paradise Laborers(2004), and The Tender Cut (2011).

Together, the Adlers were honored with the 2010 George HerbertMead Award for Lifetime Achievement by the Society for the Study ofSymbolic Interaction.

Patrick K. O′Brien is a doctoral candidatein Sociology atthe University of Colorado, Boulder. In 2010, O′Brien won theOutstanding Graduate Student Paper from the Drinking and DrugsDivision of the Society for the Study of Social Problems.