A Companion to the Philosophy of Time

The philosophy of time has been a central area of concern for philosophers for thousands of years. It remains one of the most active areas of academic philosophy, but the study of time has never been more dynamic and interdisciplinary than now. A Companion to the Philosophy of Time presents the broadest coverage of this subject yet; 32 specially commissioned articles – written by an international line–up of experts – span the history of the philosophy of time, contemporary philosophical issues in the nature and reality of time, and contemporary philosophical issues in the experience and perception of time.  The Companion takes a tripartite approach in its structure; the first section features essays on the development of the philosophy of time from the pre–Socratic period through the 20 th century, and comprises a unique collection of essays devoted to the history of the philosophy of time. The second and third sections are divided into reflections on the physics and metaphysics of time, and the human experience of time. Throughout the Companion, essays reflect the close partnership between philosophy and the natural sciences in the study of time. The resulting work provides an unparalleled work of reference for students and specialists alike in this exciting field.

Notes on Contributors xi Acknowledgments xvii Introduction 1 Heather Dyke and Adrian Bardon Part I The History of the Philosophy of Time 7 1 Heraclitus and Parmenides 9 Ronald C. Hoy 2 Zeno’s Paradoxes 30 Niko Strobach 3 Aristotle on Time and Change 47 Andrea Falcon 4 Determinism, Fatalism, and Freedom in Stoic Philosophy 59 Ricardo Salles 5 Creation and Eternity in Medieval Philosophy 73 Jon McGinnis 6 Newton’s Philosophy of Time 87 Eric Schliesser 7 Classical Empiricism 102 Lorne Falkenstein 8 Kant and Time–Order Idealism 120 Andrew Brook 9 Husserl and the Phenomenology of Temporality 135 Shaun Gallagher 10 The Emergence of a New Family of Theories of Time 151 John Bigelow 11 The B–Theory in the Twentieth Century 167 M. Joshua Mozersky Part II Time as a Feature of the Physical World 183 12 Time in Classical and Relativistic Physics 185 Gordon Belot 13 Time in Cosmology 201 Chris Smeenk 14 On Time in Quantum Physics 220 Jeremy Butterfield 15 Time in Quantum Gravity 242 Nick Huggett, Tiziana Vistarini, and Christian Wüthrich 16 The Arrow of Time in Physics 262 David Wallace 17 Time and Causation 282 Mathias Frisch 18 Time Travel and Time Machines 301 Douglas Kutach 19 The Passage of Time 315 Simon Prosser 20 Time and Tense 328 Heather Dyke 21 Presentism, Eternalism, and the Growing Block 345 Kristie Miller 22 Change and Identity over Time 365 Dana Lynne Goswick Part III Time as a Feature of Human Experience 387 23 The Perception of Time 389 Barry Dainton 24 Transcendental Arguments and Temporal Experience 410 Georges Dicker 25 Memory 432 Jordi Fernández 26 Time in Mind 444 Julian Kiverstein and Valtteri Arstila 27 The Representation of Time in Agency 470 Holly Andersen 28 Temporal Indexicals 486 John Perry 29 Time – The Emotional Asymmetry 507 Caspar Hare 30 Evolutionary Explanations of Temporal Experience 521 Heather Dyke and James Maclaurin 31 Time and Freedom 535 Robin Le Poidevin 32 Time and Morality 549 Krister Bykvist Index 563

Heather Dyke is Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Otago in New Zealand. She has published many articles on the philosophy of time, and is the author of Metaphysics and the Representational Fallacy (2008), and editor of Time and Ethics: Essays at the Intersection (2003) and From Truth to Reality: New Essays in Logic and Metaphysics (2009). Adrian Bardon is Associate Professor of Philosophy at Wake Forest University in Winston–Salem, North Carolina. He is the editor of The Future of the Philosophy of Time (2012) and author of A Brief History of the Philosophy of Time (2013).

“Summing Up: Recommended.  Upper–division undergraduates, graduate students, and faculty.”  ( Choice , 1 November 2013)