Ionic Interactions in Natural and Synthetic Macromolecules

Comprehensive study sheds new light on ionic interactions inmacromolecules and their applications

With contributions from leading researchers around the world,Ionic Interactions in Natural and Synthetic Macromolecules offers acarefully structured and comprehensive explanation of howcombinations of supramolecular interactions direct a variety ofself–assembly modes for nano–architectures and functionalbiostructures. The text reviews and analyzes chargedmacromolecules, such as synthetic polyelectrolytes, DNA, andampholytic proteins, and describes how an understanding of ionicand ionic–mixed interactions in macromolecules has a general impactand potential applications across a broad range of disciplines,spanning biochemistry, medicine, materials science, and organicchemistry.

Ionic Interactions in Natural and Synthetic Macromolecules isdivided into three parts:

Section One, Fundamentals, examines basic aspects of purelyionic interactions within organic systems, and includes adescription of the behavior of simple salts.

Section Two, Mixed Interactions, explores how thesuperimposition of ionic and other charge–independent electrostaticinteractions control Hofmeister effects, the supramolecularorganization of hydrophobic polymers, polyelectrolyte–proteincomplexes, synthetic membranes, metalloproteins, and helicalpolypeptides.

Section Three, Functions and Applications, deals with transportprocesses in both biological and synthetic systems, functioning andapplications of intelligent gels, nano–structured films formed bylayered polyelectrolytes, and ionic conductivity in highlyefficient energy sources.

Readers will discover how the text′s unified presentation ofsystems characterized by different blends of ionic andionic–mixed interactions has led to the identification ofgeneral underlying mechanisms and a correlation among seeminglyunrelated phenomena.

This text is recommended for practitioners and students inchemistry, biochemistry, physics, and engineering. All readers willdiscover what is known about the large class of natural andsynthetic materials influenced by ionic–mixed interactions andtheir many potential applications.

CONTRIBUTORS xiii

PART I FUNDAMENTALS 1

1 ION PROPERTIES 3
Yizhak Marcus

2 IONIC INTERACTIONS IN SUPRAMOLECULAR COMPLEXES 35
Hans–Jörg Schneider

3 POLYELECTROLYTE FUNDAMENTALS 49
Angelo Perico

4 POLYELECTROLYTE AND POLYAMPHOLYTE EFFECTS IN SYNTHETIC ANDBIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES 91
Ngo Minh Toan, Bae–Yeun Ha, and Dave Thirumalai

5 MODELING THE STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF POLYELECTROLYTEMULTILAYERS 121
Juan J. Cerdà, Christian Holm, and Baofu Qiao

PART II MIXED INTERACTIONS 167

6 IONIC MIXED INTERACTIONS AND HOFMEISTER EFFECTS 169
Alberto Ciferri

7 HYDROPHOBIC POLYELECTROLYTES 211
Andrés F. Olea

8 ASSOCIATION OF POLYELECTROLYTES TO SURFACTANTS ANDSUPRAMOLECULAR ASSEMBLIES: COMPETITIVE ROLE OF CHAIN RIGIDITY ANDASSEMBLY STABILITY 235
Alberto Ciferri and Angelo Perico

9 ION TRANSFER IN AND THROUGH CHARGED MEMBRANES: STRUCTURE,PROPERTIES, AND THEORY 267
Victor V. Nikonenko, Andrey B. Yaroslavtsev, and GéraldPourcelly

10 REVERSIBLE COORDINATION POLYMERS 337
Kim de Lange, Jos M.J. Paulusse, Antonius T.M. Marcelis, and HanZuilhof

11 STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF METAL BINDING SITES INNATURAL AND DESIGNED METALLOPROTEINS 361
Ornella Maglio, Flavia Nastri, and Angela Lombardi

12 CHARGE–INDUCED EFFECTS ON ACID–BASE TITRATION ANDCONFORMATIONAL STABILITY OF PROTEINS AND POLYPEPTIDES 451
Jan Hermans

PART III FUNCTIONS AND APPLICATIONS 483

13 IRON TRANSPORT IN LIVING CELLS 485
Alvin L. Crumbliss and Claire J. Parker Siburt

14 DNA–LIPID AMPHIPHILES FOR DRUG AND GENE THERAPY 551
Peggy P.Y. Chan and LiShan Wang

15 POLYELECTROLYTE INTELLIGENT GELS: DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS581
Piero Chiarelli and Danilo De Rossi

16 IONIC POLYMER METAL COMPOSITES FOR SENSORS ANDARTIFICIAL MUSCLES: MECHANOELECTRIC PERSPECTIVES 621
Rashi Tiwari and Kwang J. Kim

17 FUNCTIONAL LAYER–BY–LAYER POLYELECTROLYTES: ASSEMBLYSTRATEGIES, CHARACTERIZATION, AND SELECTED APPLICATIONS 643
Nicel Estillore, Wolfgang Knoll, and Rigoberto Advincula

18 POLYELECTROLYTES AT INTERFACES: APPLICATIONS AND TRANSPORTPROPERTIES OF POLYELECTROLYTE MULTILAYERS IN MEMBRANES 683
Bastien Seantier and André Deratani

19 SELF–ASSEMBLY OF POLYELECTROLYTES FOR PHOTONIC CRYSTALAPPLICATIONS 727
Dario Cavallo and Davide Comoretto

20 APPLICATIONS OF CHARGED MEMBRANES IN SEPARATION, FUEL CELLS,AND EMERGING PROCESSES 761
Gérald Pourcelly, Victor V. Nikonenko, Natalia D.Pismenskaya, and Andrey B. Yaroslavtsev

21 POLYMER GEL ELECTROLYTES: CONDUCTION MECHANISM AND BATTERYAPPLICATIONS 817
Ian M. Ward and Hugh V. St. A. Hubbard

LIST OF SYMBOLS 841

INDEX 843

Alberto Ciferri is currently a Visiting Professor at DukeUniversity, an Associate at the National Research Council (ISMAC),and President of the Jepa–Limmat Foundation, which is devoted toadvanced education in developing countries. His research has hadsignificant impact in the areas of the rheological properties ofnatural and synthetic polymers, fibrous proteins, interactionsbetween salts and macromolecules, liquid crystals, andsupramolecular assemblies.

Angelo Perico is Research Director at the National ResearchCouncil, associated with the Institute for Macromolecular Studies,in Genoa, Italy. Dr. Perico′s research is related to theory andmodeling of synthetic and biological macromolecules and theirdynamics, assembly, and functions, particularly the interactionsamong oppositely and similarly charged polyelectrolytes and on theelectrostatic effects that promote the formation of complexbiomolecular structures.

This is a comprehensive text that explains the latestadvances in the large class of natural and synthetic materialsinfluenced by ionic–mixed interactions and their many potentialapplications.  It should be of interest to practitioners andstudents in chemistry, biochemistry, physics, andengineering.   (Chemistry & Industry, 1November 2012)