Guidelines for Initiating Events and Independent Protection Layers in Layer of Protection Analysis

The publication provides process automation engineers, process engineers, facility operators, and safety professionals with the appropriate treatment and requirements applicable to equipment design, administrative procedures, or other credits that are treated as an independent protection layer from a Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA) perspective. This approach addresses issues such as how to ensure the effectiveness and maintain reliability for administrative controls or inherently safer, passive concepts. This book also describes how the fields of Human Reliability Analysis, Fault Tree Analysis, Inherent Safety, Audits and Assessments, Maintenance, and Emergency Response relate to LOPA and SIS.