VoIP: Wireless, P2P and New Enterprise Voice over IP

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is revolutionizing the way people communicate – both in the corporate world and in personal life. The enormous success of VoIP has led to its adoption in a wide range of networking technologies. Each network technology has its unique features and poses distinct challenges to the performance of VoIP.
VoIP: Wireless, P2P and New Enterprise Voice over IP describes the issues arising in the deployment of VoIP in an emerging heterogeneous network environment. Along with a brief overview of the concepts, protocols, algorithms, and equipment involved in realizing VoIP, this book focuses on two areas; quality and performance issues in deploying VoIP, this book focuses on two areas: quality and performance issues in deploying VoIP over various network settings, and the new mechanisms and protocols in these emerging networks to assist the deployment of VoIP.
This book is an invaluable resource for professional network engineers, designers, managers, researchers, decision makers and project managers overseeing VoIP implementations. Market analysts, consultants, and those studying advanced undergraduate and graduate courses on data, voice and multimedia communications will also find this book insightful.
VoIP; Wireless, P2P and New Enterprise Voice over IP:Discusses the basics of VoIP, VoIP codecs and VoIP protocols including SIP and H.323.Details new technologies such as P2P technology, VoWiFi, WiMax, and 3G networks.Explains the QoS issues arising from deploying VoIP using the new technologies.Solves the performance issues that emerge when VoIP is deployed over different network technologies.

Spis treści:
Preface.
PART I PRELIMINARIES.
1 Introduction to VoIP Networks.
1.1 Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN).
1.1.1 Switching.
1.1.2 Routing.
1.1.3 Connection hierarchy.
1.1.4 Telephone numbering.
1.1.5 Signaling.
1.1.6 Summary.
1.2 F undamentals of Internet technology.
1.2.1 Packetization and packet–switching.
1.2.2 Addressing.
1.2.3 Routing and forwarding.
1.2.4 DNS.
1.3 Performance issues in the Internet.
1.3.1 Latency.
1.3.2 Packet loss.
1.3.3 Jitter.
1.4 Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees.
1.4.1 Integrated services.
1.4.2 Differentiated services.
1.4.3 Other modifications.
1.4.3.1 Route pinning.
1.4.3.2 Packet classification.
1.4.4 Admission control.
1.4.5 Status.
1.5 Summary.
2 Basics of VoIP.
2.1 Packetization of voice.
2.2 Networking technology.
2.3 Architecture overview.
2.3.1 Architectural requirements.
2.3.2 Functional components.
2.3.2.1 VoIP calling device.
2.3.2.2 Gateway.
2.3.2.3 Media server.
2.3.2.4 Session control server.
2.3.3 Protocols.
2.4 Process of making a VoIP call.
2.5 Deployment issues.
2.5.1 VoIP quality and performance issues.
2.5.2 Delay.
2.5.3 Jitter.
2.5.4 Packet loss.
2.5.5 Echo and talk overlap.
2.5.6 Approaches to maintaining VoIP quality.
2.5.6.1 Network–level QoS.
2.5.6.2 VoIP codecs.
2.6 VoIP applications and services.
2.6.1 Fax.
2.6.2 Emergency numbers.
2.6.3 Roaming.
2.6.4 Voice over IM.
2.6.5 Push–to–talk.
2.6.6 Conferencing.
2.6.7 Integration with other applications.
2.7 Summary.
3 VoIP Codecs.
3.1 Codec design overview.
3.1.1 VoIP codec design goals.
3.2 Speech coding techniques.
3.2.1 Waveform codecs.
3.2.1.1 Pulse code modulation (PCM).
3.2.1.2 Differential PCM (DPCM).
3.2.2 Source coding.
3.2.3 Hybrid coding.
3.2.4 Adaptive multirate.
3.3 Narrowband codecs.
3.3.1 PCM–based G.711.
3.3.2 ADPCM–based G.721 codecs.
3.3.3 RPE–based GSM codec.
3.3.4 Low–delay CELP–based G.728 codec.
3.3.5 DoD CELP–based G.723.1 codec.
3.3.6 CS–ACELP–based G.729 codec.
3.3.7 iLBC.
3.3.8 Compari son of narrowband codecs.
3.4 Wideband and multirate codecs.
3.4.1 Adaptive MultiRate WideBand (AMR–WB).
3.4.2 Speex.
3.5 VoIP softwares.
3.5.1 Linphone.
3.5.2 SJphone.
3.5.3 Skype.
3.5.4 RAT.
3.6 Summary.
4 Performance of Voice Codecs.
4.1 Factors affecting VoIP quality.
4.1.1 Effects due to encoding.
4.1.2 Effects on the decoder.
4.1.3 Monitoring network conditions.
4.2 Voice quality assessment.
4.3 Subjective measures and MOS score.
4.3.1 Absolute Category Rating (ACR).
4.3.2 Degradation Category Rating (DCR).
4.3.3 Comparison Category Rating (CCR).
4.4 Conversational opinion score.
4.5 E–Model.
4.5.1 Sensitivity to delay.
4.6 Sensitivity to loss.
4.7 Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ).
4.7.1 PESQ analysis for VoIP codecs.
4.7.2 Cross correlation.
4.8 Tools for lab testbed setup.
4.8.1 Network emulator.
4.9 Voice input/output tools.
4.9.1 Recording tools.
4.9.2 Experiment configurations.
4.10 Summary.
5 VoIP Protocols.
5.1 Introduction.
5.2 Signaling protocols.
5.2.1 Session Initiation Protocol (SIP).
5.2.1.1 Architecture overview.
5.2.1.2 SIP components.
5.2.1.3 SIP operation.
5.2.2 Session Description Protocol (SDP).
5.2.3 H.323.
5.2.3.1 H.323 architecture overview.
5.2.3.2 H.323 components.
5.2.3.3 H.323 protocols.
5.2.3.4 H.323 operation.
5.2.4 Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP).
5.2.4.1 Components.
5.2.4.2 Architecture overview.
5.2.4.3 MGCP operation.
5.3 Media transport protocols.
5.3.1 Real–time Transport Protocol (RTP).
5.4 Summary.
PART II VOIP IN OVERLAY NETWORKS.
6 Overlay Networks.
6.1 Internet communication overview.
6.1.1 Communication operations.
6.1.2 Communication roles.
6.1.3 Internet routing.
6.1.4 Client–server architecture.
6.2 Limitations of the Internet.
6.3 Overlay networks.
6.3.1 Types of overlay network.
6.3.1.1 Infrastructure overlays.
6.3.1.2 P2P overlays.
6.3.1.3 Design considerations for infrastructure versus P2P overlays.
6.3.2 Routing in overlay networks.
6.4 Applications of overlay networks.
6.4.1 Content distribution network.
6.4.2 Overlay multicast.
6.4.3 Anonymous data delivery.
6.4.4 Robust routing.
6.4.5 High bandwidth streaming.
6.5 Summary.
7 P2P Technology.
7.1 P2P communication overview.
7.1.1 Peer node.
7.1.2 Node join and leave.
7.1.3 Bootstrapping.
7.1.4 Communication process.
7.2 Classification of P2P networks.
7.3 Unstructured overlays.
7.3.1 Centralized resource discovery.
7.3.2 Controlled flooding.
7.4 Structured overlays – Distributed Hash Tables (DHTs).
7.4.1 Hashing.
7.4.1.1 Usage in DHT.
7.4.1.2 Limitations with respect to DHT.
7.4.1.3 Standard hash functions.
7.4.2 Consistent hashing.
7.4.3 Increasing information availability.
7.5 Types of DHT.
7.5.1 Chord.
7.5.2 Koorde.
7.5.3 CAN.
7.5.4 Kademlia.
7.6 Semi–structured overlays.
7.6.1 FastTrack.
7.6.2 DHT–based systems.
7.7 Keyword search using DHT.
7.8 Summary.
8 VoIP over Infrastructure Overlays.
8.1 Introduction.
8.2 VoIP over overlay – generic architecture.
8.3 Methods to enhance VoIP quality.
8.3.1 Path switching.
8.3.2 Packet buffering.
8.3.3 Packet replication.
8.3.4 Coding.
8.4 Estimating network quality.
8.4.1 Probe traffic.
8.4.1.1 Network delay (d).
8.4.1.2 Link jitter loss ( j).
8.4.1.3 Link network loss (n).
8.4.1.4 Link cluster factor (c).
8.4.2 Estimating path quality.
8.4.2.1 Path delay.
8.4.2.2 Path network loss.
8.4.2.3 Path jitter loss.
8.4.2.4 Path cluster factor.
8.5 Route computation.
8.6 Perceived enhancement of VoIP quality.
8.7 Summary.
9 VoIP over P2P.
9.1 VoIP over P2P overlay – generi