Discovering the Solar System

Discovering the Solar System, Second Edition is a comprehensive, up–to–date, account of the Solar System and the ways in which the various bodies have been investigated and modelled. The approach, well received in the first edition, is thematic – the book includes sequences of chapters on the interiors of planetary bodies, their surfaces, and their atmospheres. Within each sequence there is a chapter on general principles and processes, followed by either one or two chapters on specific bodies.
Liberally illustrated with diagrams, black and white photographs and colour plates, the book also features:
Tables of essential dataEnd of section questions with full answersSummaries at the end of each chapter
Discovering the Solar System, Second Edition is essential reading for all undergraduate students for whom astronomy or planetary science are components of their degrees as well as for those at a more advanced level approaching the subject for the first time. It is also suitable for anyone with a keen interest in astronomy. A small amount of scientific knowledge is assumed in addition to a familiarity with basic algebra and graphs.
The author is Emeritus Professor of Astronomy at the Open University, an institution dedicated to supported distance learning, where Professor Jones has acquired much a lot of experience in writing clear texts that promote active reading.

Spis treści:
List of Tables.
Preface and Study Guide to the First Edition.
Preface to the Second Edition.
1 The Sun and its Family.
1.1 The Sun.
1.1.1 The Solar Photosphere.
1.1.2 The Solar Atmosphere.
1.1.3 The Solar Interior.
1.1.4 The Solar Neutrino Problem.
1.2 The Sun’s Family – A Brief Introduction.
1.2.1 The Terrestrial Planets and the Asteroids.
1.2.2 The Giant Planets.
1.2.3 Pluto and Beyond.
1.3 Chemical Elements in the Solar System.
1.4 Orbits of Solar System Bodie s.
1.4.1 Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion.
1.4.2 Orbital Elements.
1.4.3 Asteroids and the Titius–Bode Rule.
1.4.4 A Theory of Orbits.
1.4.5 Orbital Complications.
1.4.6 Orbital Resonances.
1.4.7 The Orbit of Mercury.
1.5 Planetary Rotation.
1.5.1 Precession of the Rotation Axis.
1.6 The View from the Earth.
1.6.1 The Other Planets.
1.6.2 Solar and Lunar Eclipses.
1.7 Summary of Chapter 1.
2 The Origin of the Solar System.
2.1 The Observational Basis.
2.1.1 The Solar System.
2.1.2 Exoplanetary Systems.
2.1.3 Star Formation.
2.1.4 Circumstellar Discs.
2.2 Solar Nebular Theories.
2.2.1 Angular Momentum in the Solar System.
2.2.2 The Evaporation and Condensation of Dust in the Solar Nebula.
2.2.3 From Dust to Planetesimals.
2.2.4 From Planetesimals to Planets in the Inner Solar System.
2.2.5 From Planetesimals to Planets in the Outer Solar System.
2.2.6 The Origin of the Oort Cloud, the E–K Belt, and Pluto.
2.3 Formation of the Satellites and Rings of the Giant Planets.
2.3.1 Formation of the Satellites of the Giant Planets.
2.3.2 Formation and Evolution of the Rings of the Giant Planets.
2.4 Successes and Shortcomings of Solar Nebular Theories.
2.5 Summary of Chapter 2.
3 Small Bodies in the Solar System.
3.1 Asteroids.
3.1.1 Asteroid Orbits in the Asteroid Belt.
3.1.2 Asteroid Orbits Outside the Asteroid Belt.
3.1.3 Asteroid Sizes.
3.1.4 Asteroid Shapes and Surface Features.
3.1.5 Asteroid Masses, Densities, and Overall Composition.
3.1.6 Asteroid Classes and Surface Composition.
3.2 Comets and Their Sources.
3.2.1 The Orbits of Comets.
3.2.2 The Coma, Hydrogen Cloud, and Tails of a Comet.
3.2.3 The Cometary Nucleus.
3.2.4 The Death of Comets.
3.2.5 The Sources of Comets.
3.2.6 The Oort Cloud.
3.2.7 The E–K Belt.
3.3 Meteorites.
3.3.1 Meteors, Meteorites, and Micrometeorites.
3.3. 2 The Structure and Composition of Meteorites.
3.3.3 Dating Meteorites.
3.3.4 The Sources of Meteorites.
3.3.5 The Sources of Micrometeorites.
3.4 Summary of Chapter 3.
4 Interiors of Planets and Satellites: The Observational and Theoretical Basis.
4.1 Gravitational Field Data.
4.1.1 Mean Density.
4.1.2 Radial Variations of Density: Gravitational Coefficients.
4.1.3 Radial Variations of Density: The Polar Moment of Inertia.
4.1.4 Love Numbers.
4.1.5 Local Mass Distribution, and Isostasy.
4.2 Magnetic Field Data.
4.3 Seismic Wave Data.
4.3.1 Seismic Waves.
4.3.2 Planetary Seismic Wave Data.
4.4 Composition and Properties of Accessible Materials.
4.4.1 Surface Materials.
4.4.2 Elements, Compounds, Affinities.
4.4.3 Equations of State, and Phase Diagrams.
4.5 Energy Sources, Energy Losses, and Interior Temperatures.
4.5.1 Energy Sources.
4.5.2 Energy Losses and Transfers.
4.5.3 Observational Indicators of Interior Temperatures.
4.5.4 Interior Temperatures.
4.6 Summary of Chapter 4.
5 Interiors of Planets and Satellites: Models of Individual Bodies.
5.1 The Terrestrial Planets.
5.1.1 The Earth.
5.1.2 Venus.
5.1.3 Mercury.
5.1.4 Mars.
5.2 Planetary Satellites, Pluto, EKOs.
5.2.1 The Moon.
5.2.2 Large Icy–Rocky Bodies: Titan, Triton, Pluto, and EKOs.
5.2.3 The Galilean Satellites of Jupiter.
5.2.4 Small Satellites.
5.3 The Giant Planets.
5.3.1 Jupiter and Saturn.
5.3.2 Uranus and Neptune.
5.4 Magnetospheres.
5.4.1 An Idealised Magnetosphere.
5.4.2 Real Magnetospheres.
5.5 Summary of Chapter 5.
6 Surfaces of Planets and Satellites: Methods and Processes.
6.1 Some Methods of Investigating Surfaces.
6.1.1 Surface Mapping in Two and Three Dimensions.
6.1.2 Analysis of Electromagnetic Radiation Reflected or Emitted by a Surface.
6.1.3 Sample Analysis.
6.2 Processes that Produce the Surfaces of Planetary B odies.
6.2.1 Differentiation, Melting, Fractional Crystallisation, and Partial Melting.
6.2.2 Volcanism and Magmatic Processes.
6.2.3 Tectonic Processes.
6.2.4 Impact Cratering.
6.2.5 Craters as Chronometers.
6.2.6 Gradation.
6.2.7 Formation of Sedimentary Rocks.
6.2.8 Formation of Metamorphic Rocks.
6.3 Summary of Chapter 6.
7 Surfaces of Planets and Satellites: Weakly Active Surfaces.
7.1 The Moon.
7.1.1 Impact Basins and Maria.
7.1.2 The Nature of the Mare Infill.
7.1.3 Two Contrasting Hemispheres.
7.1.4 Tectonic Features; Gradation and Weathering.
7.1.5 Localised Water Ice?
7.1.6 Crustal and Mantle Materials.
7.1.7 Radiometric Dating of Lunar Events.
7.1.8 Lunar Evolution.
.2 Mercury.
7.2.1 Mercurian Craters.
7.2.2 The Highlands and Plains of Mercury.
7.2.3 Surface Composition.
7.2.4 Other Surface Features on Mercury.
7.2.5 The Evolution of Mercury.
7.3 Mars.
7.3.1 Albedo Features.
7.3.2 The Global View.
7.3.3 The Northerly Hemisphere.
7.3.4 The Southerly Hemisphere.
7.3.5 The Polar Regions.
7.3.6 Water–related Features.
7.3.7 Observations at the Martian Surface.
7.3.8 Martian Meteorites.
7.3.9 The Evolution of Mars.
7.4 Icy Surfaces.
7.4.1 Pluto and Charon.
7.4.2 Ganymede and Callisto.
7.5 Summary of Chapter 7.
8 Surfaces of Planets and Satellites: Active Surfaces.
8.1 The Earth.
8.1.1 The Earth’s Lithosphere.
8.1.2 Plate Tectonics.
8.1.3 The Success of Plate Tectonics.
8.1.4 The Causes of Plate Motion.
8.1.5 The Evolution of the Earth.
8.2 Venus.
8.2.1 Topological Overview.
8.2.2 Radar Reflectivity.
8.2.3 Impact Craters and Possible Global Resurfacing.
8.2.4 Volcanic Features.
8.2.5 Surface Analyses and Surface Images.
8.2.6 Tectonic Features.
8.2.7 Tectonic and Volcanic Processes.
8.2.8 Internal Energy Loss.
8.2.9 The Evolution of Venus.
8.3 Io.
8.4 Icy Surfaces