Polymer-Protein Conjugates: From Pegylation and Beyond

Polymer–Protein Conjugates: From Pegylation and Beyond helps researchers by offering a unique reference and guide into this fascinating area. Sections cover the challenges surrounding the homogeneity of conjugates, their purity and polymer toxicity on long-term use, and how to deal with the risk of immunogenicity. These discussions help researchers design new projects by taking into account the latest innovations for safe and site selective polymer conjugation to proteins. PEG has been the gold standard and likely will play this role for many years, but alternatives are coming into the market, some of which have already been launched.

After five decades of improvements, the ideas in this book are entering into a new era of innovation because of the advances in genetic engineering, biochemistry and a better understanding of the results from clinical use of PEG conjugates in humans.

Provides an overview on the state-of-the-art of protein polymer conjugationPresents both the pros and cons of polymer-protein conjugates from the point-of-view of their clinical outcomesOutlines advantages and potential risks of present technology based on PEGOffers new alternatives for PEG and new approaches for on site-selective protein modificationIdentifies future direction of research in this field

Introduction and General Aspects of the Technology 1. Evolution of Polymer Conjugation to proteins 2. PEGylated Proteins: A Rational Design for Mitigating Clearance Mechanisms and Altering Biodistribution 3. Overcoming barriers for tumor-targeted drug delivery: the power of macromolecular anticancer drugs with the EPR effect and the modulation of vascular physiology

Toxicity and Immunogenicity Studies and Clinical Stage Conjugate Products 4. PEG-protein conjugates: Non-clinical and clinical toxicity considerations 5. Immunological responses to PEGylated proteins: anti-PEG antibodies 6. Immunogenicity assessment of PEGylated proteins, Lonquex, a PEGylated G-CSF case study 7. PEG-Protein conjugates: regulatory requirements for characterization 8. PEGylation of human coagulation factor VIII and other plasma proteins 9. Pegvorhyaluronidase Alfa: A PEGylated Recombinant Human Hyaluronidase PH20 for the Treatment of Cancers That Accumulate Hyaluronan 10. Challenges in the analytical characterization of PEGylated asparaginases

Novel Site-Selective Methods of Conjugation 11. Glycan-targeted PEGylation for selective modification of proteins 12. Sialyltransferase mediated glycoPEGylation 13. Enzymatic approaches to new protein conjugates 14. Site-specific Polymer-protein conjugates by Cys mutation 15. Site-specific PEGylation of interferon beta-1b: from bench to clinic 16. Protein modification by bis-alkylation

Alternative non-PEG polymers and architectures 17. In vivo properties of therapeutic bioconjugates composed of proteins and architecturally/functionally complex polymers 18. Poly(2-oxazoline)-protein conjugates 19. Polysaccharides for protein and peptide conjugation 20. Polysialylation of human coagulation factor VIII