Analysis, Removal, Effects and Risk of Pharmaceuticals in the Water Cycle: Occurrence and Transformation in the Environment

Analysis, Removal, Effects and Risk of Pharmaceuticals in the Water Cycle provides an overview of the current analytical methods for trace determination of pharmaceuticals in environmental samples. The book also reviews the fate and occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the water cycle for their elimination in wastewater and drinking water treatment, focusing on the newest developments in treatment technologies, such as membrane bioreactors and advanced oxidation processes.

Pharmaceutically active substances are a class of new, so-called emerging contaminants that have raised great concern in recent years. Human and veterinary drugs are continuously being released into the environment mainly as a result of the manufacturing processes, the disposal of unused or expired products, and via excreta. The analytical methodology for the determination of trace pharmaceuticals in complex environmental matrices is still evolving, and the number of methods described in the literature has grown considerably. This volume leads the way, keeping chemistry students, toxicologists, engineers, wastewater managers and related professionals current with developments in this quickly evolving area.

Introduction: Pharmaceuticals in the environment 1. General introduction on pharmaceuticals, Peter Eichhorn 2. Pharmaceuticals in the environment: Sources and their management, Christian Daughton Analysis of pharmaceuticals in the environment 3. Prioritization: selection of contaminants to be monitored, Antoni Ginebreda 4. Analysis of PhACs in aqueous samples (wastewater, surface water, groundwater, drinking water), Imma Ferrer 5. Analysis of PhACs in solid environmental samples (soil, sediment, sludge), Sandra Babic 6. Analysis of PhACs in biota, Sara Rodriguez 7. Application of bioassays/biosensors for the analysis of pharmaceuticals in environmental samples, Roger Galve Removal of pharmaceuticals in wastewater and drinking water treatment 8. Removal of pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment plants (conventional technology – CAS), Paola Verlicchi 9. Removal of pharmaceuticals by membrane bioreactor technology (MBR), Rubén Reif López 10. Removal of pharmaceuticals by UF, NF, RO, Davor Dolar 11. Removal of pharmaceuticals by ozonation and advanced oxidation processes (AOP), Despo Fatta-Kassinos 12. Removal by natural treatments (constructed wetlands), Victor Matamoros 13. Removal of pharmaceuticals bank filtration and artificial recharge, Sung Kyu Maeng Fate and occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the environment 14. Fate and occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment (surface water, sediment), Guang-Guo Ying 15. Fate and occurrence of PhACs in the terrestrial environment, Silvia Diaz-Cruz 16. Methods for elucidation of abiotic and biotic transformation pathways, Sandra Pérez Effects and risk assessment 17. Ecotoxicity of pharmaceuticals, Demetrio Raldua 18. The effect of PhACs on biological communities in rivers: field studies, Lorenzo Proia 19. Effect of antibiotics on microbial resistance, Jose Luis Balcazar 20. Data evaluation for risks assessment purposes, Christina Ruden 21. Conclusions and Needs for Future Research, Mira Petrovic