Implantable Biomedical Microsystems: Design Principles and Applications

Research and innovation in areas such as circuits, microsystems, packaging, biocompatibility, miniaturization, power supplies, remote control, reliability, and lifespan are leading to a rapid increase in the range of devices and corresponding applications in the field of wearable and implantable biomedical microsystems, which are used for monitoring, diagnosing, and controlling the health conditions of the human body.

This book provides comprehensive coverage of the fundamental design principles and validation for implantable microsystems, as well as several major application areas. Each component in an implantable device is described in details, and major case studies demonstrate how these systems can be optimized for specific design objectives.

The case studies include applications of implantable neural signal processors, brain-machine interface (BMI) systems intended for both data recording and treatment, neural prosthesis, bladder pressure monitoring for treating urinary incontinence, implantable imaging devices for early detection and diagnosis of diseases as well as electrical conduction block of peripheral nerve for chronic pain management.

Implantable Biomedical Microsystems is the first comprehensive coverage of bioimplantable system design providing an invaluable information source for researchers in Biomedical, Electrical, Computer, Systems, and Mechanical Engineering as well as engineers involved in design and development of wearable and implantable bioelectronic devices and, more generally, teams working on low-power microsystems and their corresponding wireless energy and data links.

First time comprehensive coverage of system-level and component-level design and engineering aspects for implantable microsystems.Provides insight into a wide range of proven applications and application specific design trade-offs of bioimplantable systems, including several major case studiesEnables Engineers involved in development of implantable electronic systems to optimize applications for specific design objectives.

Implantable Biomedical Microsystems, 1st Edition

Preface
Part I: Design Principles for Bioimplantable Systems
Chapter 1: Introduction
Abstract
Part I: Design Principles for Bioimplantable Systems
Chapter 2: Electrical Interfaces for Recording, Stimulation, and Sensing
Chapter 3: Analogue Front-End and Telemetry Systems
Chapter 4: Signal processing hardware
Chapter 5: Energy Management Integrated Circuits for Wireless Power Transmission
Chapter 6: System Integration and Packaging
Chapter 7: Clinical and Regulatory Considerations of Implantable Medical Devices
Chapter 8: Reliability and Security of Implantable and Wearable Medical Devices
Part II: Applications of Bioimplantable Systems
Chapter 9: Electrical biosensors: peripheral nerve sensors
Chapter 10: Electrodes for Electrical Conduction Block of Peripheral Nerve
Chapter 11: Implantable Bladder Pressure Sensor for Chronic Application
Chapter 12: Neural Recording Interfaces for Intracortical Implants
Chapter 13: Implantable Imaging System for Automated Monitoring of Internal Organs
Chapter 2: Electrical interfaces for recording, stimulation, and sensing
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Electrode Design Considerations
2.3 Electrode Designs
2.4 Emerging Design Trends
Chapter 3: Analog front-end and telemetry systems
Abstract
Acknowledgment
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Analog Front-End System
3.3 Front-End Amplifier Design
3.4 Simulation Circuit Design
3.5 Telemetry System Introduction
3.6 RF Power Transfer Circuit
3.7 Data Telemetry Circuit
3.8 Summary
Chapter 4: Signal processing hardware
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Hardware Architecture of the Signal Processing Systems
4.3 Analog, Digital, and Mixed-Signal Processors
4.4 Conclusions
Chapter 5: Energy management integrated circuits for wireless power transmission
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Wireless Power Transmission Mechanisms
5.3 Overall Structure of Inductively Powered Devices
5.4 AC–DC Conversion Units
5.5 Rechargeable Battery and Supercapacitor Charging Units
Chapter 6: System integration and packaging
Abstract
Acknowledgments
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Brief Review of Implant Package Technologies
6.3 System Integration and Biocompatibility
6.4 Packaging Materials and Technologies
6.5 CWRU Nonhermetic Micropackage Technology
6.6 Implant Evaluation of Nonhermetic Micropackage Technologies
6.7 Conclusion
Chapter 7: Clinical and regulatory considerations of implantable medical devices
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Patient Selection and Special Populations
7.3 Biocompatibility
7.4 Implantation
7.5 Explantation
7.6 Infection
7.7 Device Wear and Tear
7.8 Regulatory Considerations: Tackling the FDA
7.9 Summary and Conclusions
Chapter 8: Reliability and security of implantable and wearable medical devices
Abstract
Acknowledgment
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Safety of Implantable and Wearable Medical Devices
8.3 Reliability Concerns and Solutions
8.4 Security Concerns and Solutions
8.5 Conclusions
Part II: Applications of Bioimplantable Systems
Chapter 9: Biochips: Electrical Biosensors: Peripheral Nerve Sensors
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Peripheral Nerve Anatomy
9.3 Cuff-Style Electrodes
9.4 Penetrating and Sieve Electrodes
9.5 Neural Recording Amplifiers
Chapter 10: Electrodes for electrical conduction block of the peripheral nerve
Abstract
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Kilohertz Frequency Alternating Current (KHFAC) Nerve Block
10.3 Direct Current Nerve Block
10.4 Conclusion
Chapter 11: Implantable bladder pressure sensor for chronic application: a case study
Abstract
Acknowledgment
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Challenges and Constraints for a Chronically Implanted Bladder Pressure Sensor
11.3 Wireless Implantable Micromanometer Concept
11.4 Implantable Microsystem Design
11.5 Microsystem Assembly and Packaging
11.6 Implant In Vivo Animal Trials
11.7 Conclusion
Chapter 12: Neural recording interfaces for intracortical implants
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 State-of-the-Art Review
12.3 Neural Sensor Architecture
12.4 Channel Architecture
12.5 Telemetry Unit
12.6 Experimental Results
12.7 Conclusions
Chapter 13: Implantable imaging system for automated monitoring of internal organs
Abstract
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Implantable Imaging System: An Overview
13.3 System Overview
13.4 Verification of Advantages of Interstitial Ultrasonic Imaging
13.5 A Few Discussion Points
13.6 Conclusion
Summary and future work
Summary
Future Work
Index