Patent Foramen Ovale Closure for Stroke, Myocardial Infarction, Peripheral Embolism, Migraine, and Hypoxemia

Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) Closure for Stroke, Myocardial Infarction, Peripheral Embolism, Migraine, and Hypoxemia is a complete reference covering the association between PFO and numerous medical conditions. It provides a background on the topic including embryology, anatomy, and physiology. This book fully examines the diagnosis and imaging assessment of PFO and discusses the data linking PFO to various clinical pathologies. It details technical aspects of PFO closure and includes perspectives on future outlooks and where the field is headed in terms of device closure indications. This is a complete reference book for cardiologists, interventional cardiologists, neurologists, pulmonologists, general practitioners, medical professionals, and researchers who are interested in PFO-associated pathologies, technical aspects, safety, and future outlooks of PFO device closure.

Explains the association between PFO and related clinical conditions including stroke, myocardial infarction, peripheral embolism, migraine, hypoxemia, decompression sickness, Raynaud’s phenomenon, and vasospasmProvides an in-depth analysis of the evidence behind PFO closure for various clinical conditionsExpounds on the technical aspects of PFO closure including differences between devices and techniquesOffers future outlooks on PFO closure and where the field is headed in terms of PFO closure indications

I. INTRODUCTION 1. Embryology, Anatomy, and Physiology: Anatomical Variations, Lipomatous Hypertrophy, Atrial Septal Aneurysm, Eustachian Valve, Chiari Network, Combination With Other Atrial Septal Defects

II. DIAGNOSIS AND IMAGING ASSESSMENT OF PFO 2. Echocardiography, Transcranial Doppler, and Oximetry for Imaging and Quantification of PFO-Mediated Shunts 3. Angiography, Transthoracic, Transesophageal, and Intracardiac Echocardiography: Periprocedural Assessment and Guidance During PFO Closure

III. STROKE AND PFO 4. Definition of Cryptogenic Stroke, the Risk of Paradoxical Embolism RoPE Score, and Assessment of Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source 5. Observational Studies of PFO Closure for Stroke 6. Early Randomized Trials of PFO Closure for Stroke (CLOSURE I, PC, RESPECT) 7. Newer Randomized Trials on PFO Closure for Stroke (CLOSE, REDUCE, and DEFENSE-PFO)

IV. NON-CEREBRAL PARADOXICAL EMBOLISM AND PFO 8. Myocardial Infarction and PFO 9. Peripheral Embolism and PFO

V. MIGRAINE AND PFO 10. Migraine Headache: Clinical Association With PFO and Observational Studies 11. Randomized Clinical Trials of PFO Closure for Migraine Headache (MIST, PRIMA, PREMIUM)

VI. OTHER CONDITIONS AND PFO 12. Hypoxemia and PFO 13. Less Recognized Conditions Associated with PFO: Decompression Illness, Carcinoid Heart Disease, Coronary Spasm

VII. SAFETY, TECHNICAL ASPECTS TO PFO CLOSURE, AND FUTURE OUTLOOK 14. Percutaneous PFO Closure: History, Devices, Techniques, Safety, and Informed Consent 15. How I Do It: ICE-guided Technique for Percutaneous PFO Closure 16. How I Do It: Fluoroscopy-guided Technique for Percutaneous PFO Closure 17. PFO Closure: History, Final thoughts and Future outlook 18. The Full Spectrum of PFO: Are We Seeing Just the Tip of the Iceberg? 19. Frequent Questions: PFO Closure With the Amplatzer or Gore Cardioform Devices