Photobiomodulation in the Brain: Low-Level Laser (Light) Therapy in Neurology and Neuroscience

Photobiomodulation in the Brain: Low-Level Laser (Light) Therapy in Neurology and Neuroscience presents the fundamentals of photobiomodulation and the diversity of applications in which light can be implemented in the brain. It will serve as a reference for future research in the area, providing the basic foundations readers need to understand photobiomodulation’s science-based evidence, practical applications and related adaptations to specific therapeutic interventions. The book covers the mechanisms of action of photobiomodulation to the brain, and includes chapters describing the pre-clinical studies and clinical trials that have been undertaken for diverse brain disorders, including traumatic events, degenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders.

Provides a much-needed reference on photobiomodulation with an unprecedented focus on the brain and its disordersFeatures a body of world-renowned editors and chapter authors that promote research, policy and fundingDiscusses the recent and rapid accumulation of literature in this area of research and the shift towards the use of non-invasive techniques in therapy

Part I: Basic considerations and in vitro 1. Photobiomodulation therapy and the brain: an innovative tool for therapy and discovery Praveen R. Arany 2. Theoretical neuroscience Marcelo Victor Pires de Sousa, Marucia Chacur, Daniel Oliveira Martins and Carlo Rondinoni 3. Photobiomodulation of cultured primary neurons: role of cytochrome c oxidase Margaret Wong-Riley and Huan Ling Liang 4. Photobiomodulation on cultured cortical neurons Ying-Ying Huang and Michael R. Hamblin 5. Safety and penetration of light into the brain Erica B Wang, Ramanjot Kaur, Manuel Fierro, Evan Austin, Linda Ramball Jones and Jared Jagdeo 6. Near-infrared photonic energy penetration—principles and practice Theodore A. Henderson and Larry D. Morries 7. Light sources and dosimetry for the brain and whole body James D. Carroll 8. Mechanisms of photobiomodulation in the brain Michael R. Hamblin

Part II: Studies in animal models 9. Transcranial photobiomodulation for stroke in animal models Luis De Taboada and Michael R. Hamblin 10. Photobiomodulation in photothrombotic stroke Lorelei Tucker, Luodan Yang, Yong Li and Quanguang Zhang 11. Remote photobiomodulation as a neuroprotective intervention—harnessing the indirect effects of photobiomodulation Luke Gordon, Boaz Kim, Claudia Petrucco, Ji Yeon Kim, Patrick Benson, Jonathan Stone and Daniel M. Johnstone 12. Photobiomodulation for traumatic brain injury in mouse models Michael R. Hamblin 13. Photobiomodulation and mitochondria for traumatic brain injury in mouse models Mei X. Wu and Michael R. Hamblin 14. Photobiomodulation for depression in animal models Farzad Salehpour, Javad Mahmoudi, Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad and Paolo Cassano 15. Transcranial photobiomodulation treats Alzheimer’s disease in amyloid-β protein precursor transgenic mice Luis De Taboada and Michael R. Hamblin 16. Low-level laser therapy to the bone marrow: a new therapeutic approach to neurodegenerative diseases Amir Oron and Uri Oron 17. The experimental evidence for photobiomodulation-induced cellular and behavioral changes in animal models of Parkinson’s disease: a template for translation to patients Nabil El Massri and John Mitrofanis 18. Effects of near-infrared low-level laser stimulation on neuronal excitability Ljubica M. Konstantinovic and Sasa R. Filipovic 19. Photobiomodulation for multiple sclerosis in animal models M.A. Tolentino and J.A. Lyons 20. Hepatic encephalopathy and photobiomodulation: experimental models and clinical features Natalia Arias, Juan Dıaz Gonza´lez, Alberto Martın Pernıa and Jorge L Arias 21. Photobiomodulation in animal models of retinal injury and disease Janis T. Eells 22. Transcranial photobiomodulation therapy for pain: animal models, dosimetry, mechanisms, perspectives Marcelo Victor Pires de Sousa, Nathali Cordeiro Pinto and Elisabeth Mateus Yoshimura

Part III: Cinical studies 23. The challenge of effectively translating transcranial near-infrared laser therapy to treat acute ischemic stroke Paul A. Lapchak 24. Effects of photobiomodulation on traumatic brain injury: proposed clinical assessment Sherry Fox and Victoria Campbell 25. Transcranial, red/near-infrared light-emitting diode therapy for chronic traumatic brain injury and poststroke aphasia: clinical studies Margaret A. Naeser, Paula I. Martin, Michael D. Ho, Maxine H. Krengel, Yelena Bogdanova, Jeffrey A. Knight, Andrea Fedoruk, Michael R. Hamblin and Bang-Bon Koo 26. Photobiomodulation as a potential therapeutic strategy for improving cognitive and functional outcomes in traumatic brain injury Thomas J. Covey, David W. Shucard, Melissa Meynadasy, Thomas Mang and Praveen R. Arany 27. Advanced neuroimaging methods for assessment of low-level light therapy Suk-tak Chan, Maria Gabriela Longo, Eva-Maria Ratai and Rajiv Gupta 28. Treatment of traumatic brain injury with near-infrared light Larry D. Morries and Theodore A. Henderson 29. Photobiomodulation: a novel approach to treating Alzheimer’s disease Lew Lim, Genane Loheswaran, Reza Zomorrodi, Anita Saltmarche and Linda Chao 30. Electroencephalography as the diagnostic adjunct to transcranial photobiomodulation Reza Zomorrodi, Genane Loheswaran and Lew Lim 31. Can photobiomodulation enhance brain function in older adults? Agnes S. Chan, Michael K. Yeung and Tsz L. Lee 32. Noninvasive neurotherapeutic treatment of neurodegeneration: integrating photobiomodulation and neurofeedback training Marvin H. Berman, Trent Nichols, Jason Huang and Damir Nizamutdinov 33. Transcranial photobiomodulation therapy: observations from four movement disorder patients Catherine Hamilton, David Hamilton, Frank Nicklason and John Mitrofanis 34. Cerebral blood flow in the elderly: impact of photobiomodulation Afonso Shiguemi Inoue Salgado, Francisco Jose´ Cidral-Filho, Daniel Fernandes Martins, Ivo I. Kerppers and Rodolfo Borges Parreira 35. Transcranial photobiomodulation for major depressive and anxiety disorders and for posttraumatic stress disorder Marco Antonio Caldieraro and Paolo Cassano 36. Action at a distance: laser acupuncture and the brain Nicholas Alexander Wise 37. Signature wounds of war: a case study George Louis Lindenfeld and George Rozelle 38. Transcatheter intracerebral photobiomodulation in degenerative brain disorders: clinical studies (Part 1) Ivan V. Maksimovich 39. Transcatheter intracerebral photobiomodulation in ischemic brain disorders: clinical studies (Part 2) Ivan V. Maksimovich 40. Russian low level laser therapy techniques for brain disorders Sergey V. Moskvin and Andrey V. Kochetkov 41. Laser treatment of central nervous system injuries: an update and prospects L. Longo 42. Photobiomodulation treatment for brain disorders: posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and dementia Randy Lamartiniere, Rhett Bergeron, Ronald Aung-Din, Matthew Bennett, William Stephan and Louis Banas 43. What we don’t know and what the future holds Michael R. Hamblin