Reverse Osmosis

In Reverse Osmosis the recent progress in RO membranes and RO processes are summarized together with the discussions based on the fundamental scientific background of the RO process.

The book starts with an overview of the historic development of RO membrane and RO process and its effect on other membrane separation processes. In the next chapters the development of nanocomposite TFC membranes, modern membrane characterization techniques such as TEM, AFM and PALS, the RO membrane transport model, and RO membrane fouling are discussed.

The book also describes in detail experimental methods for setting up RO experiments, RO membrane modules, RO membrane systems, and desalination and water treatment by RO.

Applications in food, pharmaceutical, chemical, biochemical, petroleum and petrochemical industries are summarized as well.

Also the development of RO membranes with high thermal and chemical stability, attempts to develop polymeric or inorganic membranes, and hybrid process where RO is combined with forward osmosis (FO) or membrane distillation (MD).

The book concludes with tracing the cost reduction of RO process from a historical point of view.

Written by renowned experts in the field with complementary expertiseProvides in-depth discussion of RO transport based on the nano-level membrane structureComprehensively reviews recent progresses in the novel RO membrane development

1. Introduction 2. RO membrane preparation 3. RO membrane characterization and membrane structure 4. RO membrane transport 5. RO membrane fouling 6. Laboratory RO experiments 7. RO membrane module 8. RO membrane system 9. Desalination and water treatment by RO 10. Other applications 11. Development of RO membranes with high thermal and chemical stability 12. Hybrid process, combining RO and other membrane separation processes 13. Economics of RO process