Social and Administrative Aspects of Pharmacy in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Present Challenges and Future Solutions

Social and Administrative Aspects of Pharmacy in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Present Challenges and Future Solutions examines the particularities of low- and middle-income countries and offers solutions based on their needs, culture and available resources. Drawing from the firsthand experience of researchers and practitioners working in these countries, this book addresses the socio-behavioral aspects of pharmacy and health, pharmacoeconomics, pharmaceutical policy, supply management and marketing, pharmacoepidemiology and public health pharmacy specific to low- and middle-income countries.

While some practices may be applied appropriately in disparate places, too often pharmacy practice in low- and middle-income countries is directly copied from successes in developed countries, despite the unique needs and challenges low- and middle-income countries face.

Examines key issues and challenges of pharmacy practice and the pharmaceutical sector specific to low- and middle-income countriesCompares pharmacy practice in developed and developing countries to highlight the unique challenges and opportunities of eachProvides a blueprint for the future of pharmacy in low- and middle-income countries, including patient-centered care, evidence-based care and promoting the role of the pharmacist for primary health care in these settings

1. Introduction: Discovering Issues and Challenges in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Section I: Socio-behavioral Aspects of Medicines Used in Low- and Middle-Income Countries 2. Socio-Behavioral Aspects of Medicine Used in Low- and Middle-Income Countries 3. Patients’, Consumers’ and Healthcare Professionals’ Perceptions, Beliefs, Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Towards the Use of Medicines 4. The Use of Measurements and Health Behavioral Models to Improve Medication Adherence

Section II: Pharmaceutical Promotion in Low- and Middle-Income Countries 5. Academic Detailing in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Principles, Use, Impact and Lessons Learned Section III: Economic Evaluation and Medicine Expenditure in Low- and Middle-Income Countries 6. Economic Evaluation and Medicine Expenditure in Low- and Middle-Income Countries 7. Medicine Pricing Policy and Strategies in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Review 8. Economic Evaluation of Predominant Disease in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Diabetes Mellitus Section IV: Pharmacovigilance and Patient Safety in Low- and Middle-Income Countries 9. Pharmacovigilance Practices and Activities: Issues, Challenges, and Future Direction 10. Behavioral Aspects of Pharmacovigilance: Research Methods Considerations 11. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Pharmacovigilance in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Section V: Generic Medicines Used in Low- and Middle-Income Countries 12. Overcoming Challenges of Generic Medicine Utilization in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Lessons Learned from International Experiences 13. Assessment of Policies, Determinants and Characteristics of Generic Medicine Entry into the Pharmaceutical Markets Section VI: Rational and Responsible Medicine Use in Low- and Middle-Income Countries 14. Misconceptions and Misues of Drugs by Prescribers, Dispensers and Consumers 15. Strengths and Weaknesses of Pharmaceutical Policy in Relation to Rational and Responsible Medicines Use 16. Rational and Responsible Medicines Use Section VII: Quality of Public Health Pharmacy Services in Low- and Middle-Income Countries 17. Quality of Pharmacy Health Services 18. Assessment of Medicine Dispensing and Extended Community Pharmacy Services 19. Enhancing Quality of Patient-Centered Care Services in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Pharmaceutical Care Approach 20. Politics and Competition between Professions: Future Scope of Pharmacy Practice Section VIII: Medicine Quality: Substandard and Counterfeit Medicine in Low- and Middle-Income Countries 21. Perspective, Knowledge, Attitude, and Belief of Various Stakeholders on Medicines Quality: Counterfeit and Substandard Medicines Section IX: Medicine Information and Health Literacy in Low- and Middle-Income Countries 22. Issues on Source, Access, Extent and Quality of Information Available Among Pharmacists and Pharmacy Personnel to Practice Effectively Section X: Good Governance and Pharmaceutical Policy in Low- and Middle-Income Countries 23. Problems and Obstacles of Low- and Middle-Income Countries in Having Good Governance and Quality and Effective Pharmaceutical Policy 24. Pharmacogovernance: Advancing Pharmacovigilance and Patient Safety 25. Pharmaceutical Policy: Synthesis, Themes and Future Directions