Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology

Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, Second Edition, is a comprehensive and authoritative resource that provides the latest literature on this complex subject with a primary focus on three core components—parent, placenta, and fetus—and the continuous changes that occur in each. Enriched with relevant references describing every aspect of reproductive toxicology, this revised and updated resource addresses the totality of the subject, discussing a broad range of topics, including nanoparticles and radiation, gases and solvents, smoking, alcohol and drug abuse, and metals, amongst others.

With a special focus on placental toxicity, this book is the only available reference to connect the three key risk stages, also including discussions on reproductive and developmental toxicity in domestic animals, fish, and wildlife.

Completely revised and updated to include the most recent developments in the field, the book is an essential resource for advanced students and researchers in toxicology, as well as biologists, pharmacologists, and teratologists from academia, industry, and regulatory agencies.

Provides a complete, up-to-date, integrated source of information on the key risk stages during reproduction and developmentIncludes new chapters covering significant developments, such as dose-response assessment for developmental toxicity, juvenile toxicity, and neural tube defects, as well as emerging science, such as stem cell application, toxicoproteomics, metabolomics, endocrine disruption, surveillance and regulatory considerations, and risk assessmentOffers diverse and unique in vitro and in vivo toxicity models for reproductive and developmental toxicity testing in a user-friendly format that assists in comparative analysis

Section I. General 1. Introduction 2. Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology 3. Pharmacokinetics in Pregnancy 4. Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models in Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology 5. Drugs and Chemical Contaminants in Human Breast Milk

Section II. Toxicity Testing Models and Safety Evaluation 6. Reproductive and Developmental Safety Evaluation of New Pharmaceutical Compounds 7. Juvenile Toxicology Testing 8. Postmarket Surveillance and Regulatory Considerations in Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology: A Food and Drug Administration Perspective 9. OECD Guidelines for In Vivo Testing of Reproductive Toxicity 10. Guidelines for Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity Testing and Risk Assessment of Chemicals 11. Validated and Nonvalidated Mechanism-Based Methods for Testing Developmental Toxicity 12. Relevance of Animal Testing and Sensitivity of End Points in Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity 13. Embryonic Toxic Lesions and Stem Cell Therapy 14. In Vitro and Alternative Approaches to Developmental Neurotoxicity 15. In Vitro Biomarkers of Developmental Neurotoxicity 16. Using Zebrafish to Assess Developmental Neurotoxicity 17. Caenorhabditis elegans as a Model to Assess Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity 18. A Primate as an Animal Model for Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology Testing

Section III. Nanoparticles and Radiation 19. Developmental Toxicity of Engineered Nanomaterials 20. Toxicity of Radiation: Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation Exposure on Reproduction

Section IV. Gases and Solvents 21. Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity of Solvents and Gases

Section V. Drugs of Abuse and Addiction, Smoking and Alcohol 22. Caffeine 23. Developmental Neurotoxicity of Abused Drugs 24. Effects of Alcohol on Embryo/Fetal Development 25. Cigarette Smoking and Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity

Section VI. Pharmaceuticals and Food Additives 26. Thalidomide 27. Retinoids 28. Melamine and Cyanuric Acid 29. Ionophores

Section VII. Metals 30. Boron 31. Arsenic, Cadmium, and Lead 32. Manganese 33. Mercury 34. Selenium

Section VIII. Pesticides, Industrial and Other Environmental Contaminants 35. Organophosphates and Carbamates 36. Chlorinated Hydrocarbons and Pyrethrins/Pyrethroids 37. Herbicides and Fungicides 38. Brominated Flame Retardants 39. Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Polybrominated Biphenyls, Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins, and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans 40. Reproductive Toxicity of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons 41. Toxicity and Risk Assessment of Bisphenol A 42. Ethylene Glycol 43. Perfluorooctane Sulfonate and Perfluorooctanoic Acid 44. Phthalates 45. Personal Care Products and Cosmetics

Section IX. Phytotoxicants, Mycotoxins and Zootoxins 46. Toxic plants 47. Fumonisins 48. Aflatoxins, Ochratoxins, and Citrinin 49. Zootoxins

Section X. Special Topics 50. Systems Toxicology and Predictive Modeling of Male Developmental Toxicity 51. Stem Cells in Developmental Toxicity Testing 52. Epigenetics in Reproduction and Development 53. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity 54. Cell Signaling Mechanisms in Developmental Neurotoxicity 55. Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Injury in Developmental Neurotoxicity 56. Effects of Stress on Reproductive and Developmental Biology 57. Disruption of Cholesterol Homeostasis in Developmental Neurotoxicity

Section XI. Endocrine Disruption, Mutagenicity, Carcinogenicity, Infertility and Teratogenicity 58. Endocrine Disruption 59. Developmental and Reproductive Disorders—Role of Endocrine Disruptors in Testicular Toxicity 60. Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity: Human Reproductive Cancer and Risk Factors 61. Environmental Pollutants and Neural Tube Defects 62. Teratogenicity 63. Micro–Computed Tomography and Volumetric Imaging in Developmental Toxicology

Section XII. Toxicologic Pathology 64. Toxicologic Pathology of the Reproductive System

Section XIII. Placental Toxicity 65. The Placental Role in Developmental Programming 66. Strategies for Investigating Hemochorial Placentation 67. The Significance of ABC Transporters in Human Placenta for the Exposure of Fetus to Xenobiotics 68. Placental Toxicity 69. Placental Pathology

Section XIV. Domestic and Wildlife Species 70. Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity in Avian Species 71. Endocrine Disruption in Wildlife Species 72. Teratogenesis in Livestock