Pharmacy Practice in Developing Countries: Achievements and Challenges

Pharmacy Practice in Developing Countries: Achievements and Challenges offers a detailed review of the history and development of pharmacy practice in developing countries across Africa, Asia, and South America. Pharmacy practice varies substantially from country to country due to variations in needs and expectations, culture, challenges, policy, regulations, available resources, and other factors.

This book focuses on each country’s strengths and achievements, as well as areas of weakness, barriers to improvement and challenges. It sets out to establish a baseline for best practices, taking all of these factors into account and offering solutions and opportunities for the future. This book is a valuable resource for academics, researchers, practicing pharmacists, policy makers, and students involved in pharmacy practice worldwide as it provides lessons learned on a global scale and seeks to advance the pharmacy profession.

Uses the latest research and statistics to document the history and development of pharmacy practice in developing countriesDescribes current practice across various pharmacy sectors to supply a valuable comparative analysis across countries in Africa, Asia, Europe, and South AmericaHighlights areas of achievement, strengths, uniqueness, and future opportunities to provide a basis for learning and improvementEstablishes a baseline for best practices and solutions

• Dedication
• Foreword by Joseph T. DiPiro
• Foreword by Thony Björk
• Preface
• Introduction
• Section 1. Pharmacy Practice in Asia
  • Chapter 1. Pharmacy Practice in Thailand
    • 1. Country background and vital health statistics
    • 2. Overview of the healthcare system
    • 3. Medicine supply systems and drug use issues
    • 4. Pharmaceutical industry
    • 5. Drug and pharmacy-related regulations
    • 6. Pharmacy education
    • 7. Hospital pharmacy practice
    • 8. Community pharmacy practice
    • 9. Achievements of pharmacy practice
    • 10. Challenges
    • 11. Recommendations and way forward
    • 12. Lessons learned
    • 13. Points to remember
  • Chapter 2. Pharmacy Practice in Malaysia
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Health sector and system
    • 3. Vital health statistics
    • 4. Medicines use issues
    • 5. Pharmacy practice in Malaysia
    • 6. The healthcare funding system and health insurance system
    • 7. Pharmaceutical industry
    • 8. Pharmaceutical market
    • 9. Hospital pharmacy practice
    • 10. Clinical pharmacy, drug information specialists, and centers
    • 11. Community pharmacy practice
    • 12. Public health practice and health promotion
    • 13. The position of traditional and herbal medicines
    • 14. Pharmacy education on various levels and Continuing Professional Development (CPD)
    • 15. Pharmacy practice in pharmacy curricula
    • 16. Research on pharmacy practice
    • 17. Challenges
    • 18. Recommendations: way forward
    • 19. Conclusions
    • 20. Lessons learned
  • Chapter 3. Pharmacy Practice in Indonesia
    • 1. Country background
    • 2. Vital health statistics
    • 3. Overview of the health care system
    • 4. Medicine supply systems and drug use issues
    • 5. Overview of pharmacy practice and key pharmaceutical sectors
    • 6. Drug- and pharmacy-related regulations, policies, and ethics
    • 7. Core pharmacy practices
    • 8. Special pharmacy-related services and activities
    • 9. Pharmacy education
    • 10. Challenges
    • 11. Recommendations
    • 12. Conclusions
    • 13. Lessons learned
  • Chapter 4. Pharmacy Practice in China
    • 1. Country background
    • 2. Vital health statistics
    • 3. Overview of the health care system
    • 4. Medicine supply systems and drug use issues
    • 5. Overview of pharmacy practice and key pharmaceutical sectors
    • 6. Drug-related and pharmacy-related regulations, policies, and ethics
    • 7. Core pharmacy practices
    • 8. Special pharmacy-related services
    • 9. Pharmacy education
    • 10. Achievements in pharmacy practice
    • 11. Challenges in pharmacy practice
    • 12. Recommendations: the way forward
    • 13. Conclusions
    • 14. Lessons learned/points to remember
  • Chapter 5. Pharmacy Practice in Sri Lanka
    • 1. Country background
    • 2. Vital health statistics
    • 3. Overview of the healthcare system
    • 4. Medicine supply systems and drug use issues
    • 5. Overview of pharmacy practice and key pharmaceutical sectors
    • 6. Drug- and pharmacy-related regulations, policies, and ethics
    • 7. Core pharmacy practices
    • 8. Special pharmacy-related services and activities
    • 9. Pharmacy education
    • 10. Achievements in pharmacy practice
    • 11. Challenges in the pharmacy practice
    • 12. Recommendations
    • 13. Conclusions
    • 14. Lessons learned/points to remember
  • Chapter 6. Pharmacy Practice in Pakistan
    • 1. Country background
    • 2. Health sector and system
    • 3. National Health Policy
    • 4. National Drug Policy
    • 5. Statistics on human resources and capital/workforce
    • 6. Top 20 medicines based on expenditure and utilization
    • 7. Pharmacy practice
    • 8. Background of the pharmaceutical sector
    • 9. Industrial pharmacy and pharmaceutical technology
    • 10. Regulatory issues (registration/inspections)
    • 11. Drugs Act
    • 12. Hospital practice
    • 13. Clinical pharmacy
    • 14. Drug information specialists and centers
    • 15. Drug companies, medical representatives, and the marketing of pharmaceutical products
    • 16. Community pharmacy practice
    • 17. Public health practice and health promotion policy
    • 18. Traditional and herbal medicines
    • 19. Pharmacy practice in pharmacy curriculum
    • 20. Challenges in pharmacy practice
    • 21. Conclusion
    • 22. Recommendations
    • 23. Points to remember
  • Chapter 7. Pharmacy Practice in India
    • 1. Background
    • 2. Health statistics
    • 3. Overview of the health care system
    • 4. Medicines supply system and drug use issues
    • 5. Overview of pharmacy practice and key pharmaceutical sectors
    • 6. Drug- and pharmacy-related regulations, policies, and ethics
    • 7. Core pharmacy practices
    • 8. Special pharmacy-related services and activities
    • 9. Pharmacy education
    • 10. Achievements
    • 11. Challenges
    • 12. Recommendations: way forward
    • 13. Conclusions
    • 14. Points to remember
  • Chapter 8. Pharmacy Practice in Nepal
    • 1. Country background
    • 2. Health sector and system
    • 3. Statistics on human capital/workforce
    • 4. Statistics on morbidity and mortality
    • 5. Top 15 medicines based on expenditure and utilization
    • 6. Pharmacy practice: country perspective
    • 7. Background on the pharmaceutical sector
    • 8. Medicine supply and distribution
    • 9. Industrial pharmacy and pharmaceutical technology
    • 10. Regulatory issues (registration and inspection)
    • 11. Pharmacy ownership
    • 12. Health insurance
    • 13. Hospital pharmacy practice
    • 14. Clinical pharmacy
    • 15. Drug information specialists and centers
    • 16. Medical representatives and the marketing of pharmaceutical products
    • 17. Community pharmacy practice
    • 18. Public health practice and health promotion
    • 19. Position of traditional and herbal medicines
    • 20. Pharmacy education and professional development
    • 21. Pharmacy practice in pharmacy curricula
    • 22. Research on pharmacy practice
    • 23. Achievements in pharmacy practice
    • 24. Challenges in pharmacy practice
    • 25. Recommendations: way forward
    • 26. Conclusions
    • 27. Points to remember
• Section 2. Pharmacy Practice in the Middle East
  • Chapter 9. Pharmacy Practice in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
    • 1. Country background
    • 2. Vital health statistics
    • 3. Overview of the healthcare system
    • 4. Medicine supply systems and drug use issues
    • 5. Overview of pharmacy practice and key pharmaceutical sectors
    • 6. Drug- and pharmacy-related regulations, policies, and ethics
    • 7. Core pharmacy practices
    • 8. Special pharmacy-related services
    • 9. Pharmacy education
    • 10. Achievements in pharmacy practice
    • 11. Challenges in pharmacy practice
    • 12. Recommendations: the way forward
    • 13. Conclusions
    • 14. Lessons learned/points to remember
  • Chapter 10. Pharmacy Practice in Iraq
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Pharmacy practice
    • 3. Achievements
    • 4. Challenges
    • 5. Recommendations
    • 6. Conclusions
    • 7. Lessons learned
  • Chapter 11. Pharmacy Practice in Jordan
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Vital health statistics
    • 3. Overview of the health care system
    • 4. Medicine supply systems and drug use issues
    • 5. Overview of pharmacy practice and key pharmaceutical sectors
    • 6. Drug- and pharmacy-related regulations, policies, and ethics
    • 7. Pharmacy practices
    • 8. Special pharmacy-related services and activities
    • 9. Pharmacy education
    • 10. Conclusions
  • Chapter 12. Pharmacy Practice in Qatar
    • 1. Country background
    • 2. Vital statistics
    • 3. Overview of the health care system
    • 4. Medicine supply systems and drug use issues
    • 5. Drug- and pharmacy-related regulations, policies, and ethics
    • 6. Core pharmacy practice
    • 7. Special pharmacy-related services
    • 8. Pharmacy education in Qatar
    • 9. Achievements
    • 10. Challenges
    • 11. Recommendations: way forward
    • 12. Conclusions
    • 13. Lessons learned/points to remember
  • Chapter 13. Pharmacy Practice in Palestine
    • 1. Country background
    • 2. Vital health statistics
    • 3. Overview of the health care system
    • 4. Medicine supply systems and drug use issues
    • 5. Overview of pharmacy practice and key pharmaceutical sectors
    • 6. Drug- and pharmacy-related regulations, policies, and ethics
    • 7. Core pharmacy practices
    • 8. Special pharmacy-related services and activities
    • 9. Pharmacy education
    • 10. Achievements
    • 11. Challenges
    • 12. Recommendations
    • 13. Conclusion
    • 14. Lessons learned
  • Chapter 14. Pharmacy Practice in Yemen
    • 1. Country profile
    • 2. Vital health statistics
    • 3. Overview of the health care system
    • 4. Medicine supply systems and drug use issues
    • 5. Overview of pharmacy practice and key pharmaceutical sectors
    • 6. Drug- and pharmacy-related regulations, polices, and ethics
    • 7. Core pharmacy practices
    • 8. Special pharmacy-related services and activities
    • 9. Pharmacy education
    • 10. Achievements in pharmacy practice
    • 11. Challenges of pharmacy practice in Yemen and recommendations
    • 12. Conclusions
    • 13. Lessons learned
• Section 3. Pharmacy Practice in Africa
  • Chapter 15. Pharmacy Practice in Egypt
    • 1. Country background
    • 2. Vital health statistics
    • 3. Overview of the health care system
    • 4. Medicine supply systems and drug use issues
    • 5. Overview of pharmacy practice and key pharmaceutical sectors
    • 6. Drug- and pharmacy-related regulations, policies, and ethics
    • 7. Core pharmacy practices
    • 8. Special pharmacy-related services and activities
    • 9. Pharmacy education
    • 10. Achievements in pharmacy practice
    • 11. Challenges in pharmacy practice
    • 12. Recommendations: way forward
    • 13. Conclusions
    • 14. Lessons learned/points to remember
  • Chapter 16. Pharmacy Practice in Sudan
    • 1. Country background
    • 2. Vital health statistics
    • 3. Overview of the health care system
    • 4. Overview of pharmacy practice and key pharmaceutical sectors
    • 5. Pharmacy education
    • 6. Achievements in the pharmacy practice
    • 7. Challenges in the pharmacy practice
    • 8. Opportunities
    • 9. Recommendations: way forward
    • 10. Conclusions
    • 11. Lessons learned/points to remember
  • Chapter 17. Pharmacy Practice in Nigeria
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Pharmacy practice in Nigeria
    • 3. Current developments in pharmacy practice in Nigeria
    • 4. Achievements in pharmacy practice in Nigeria
    • 5. Challenges in pharmacy practice
    • 6. Basic statistics of some essential pharmacy infrastructure in Nigeria
    • 7. Recommendations: ways forward
    • 8. Conclusions
    • 9. Lessons learned
  • Chapter 18. Pharmacy Practice in Burkina Faso
    • 1. Country background
    • 2. Vital health statistics
    • 3. Overview of health care system
    • 4. Medicine supply system and medicines use issues
    • 5. Overview of pharmacy practice and key pharmaceutical sectors
    • 6. Medicine- and pharmacy-related regulations, policies, and ethics
    • 7. Core pharmacy practices
    • 8. Special pharmacy-related services and activities
    • 9. Pharmacy education
    • 10. Achievements in pharmacy practice
    • 11. Challenges
    • 12. Recommendations/way forward
    • 13. Conclusion
    • 14. Lessons learned
• Section 4. Pharmacy Practice in Latin America
  • Chapter 19. Pharmacy Practice in Chile
    • 1. Geographic, social, and demographic background
    • 2. History of pharmacy in Chile
    • 3. The Chilean health system
    • 4. Pharmaceutical policies, regulations, and ethical aspects
    • 5. Drug use issues in Chile
    • 6. Core pharmacy practice areas in Chile
    • 7. Conclusions
  • Chapter 20. Comparative Analysis and Conclusion
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. How was the analysis done?
    • 3. Findings and discussion
    • 4. Gaps and Challenges
    • 5. Way forward
    • 6. Conclusion
• Index