Viroids and Satellites

Viroids and Satellites describes plant diseases and their causal agents while also addressing the economic impact of these diseases. The book discusses various strategies for state-of-the-art methods for the detection and control of pathogens in their infected hosts and provides pivotal information from the discovery of viroids through the analysis of their molecular and biological properties, to viroid pathogenesis, host interactions, and RNA silencing pathways.

Students, researchers and regulators will find this to be a comprehensive resource on the topics presented.

Provides coverage of the basic biological properties of disease, along with applied knowledgeFeatures economic impacts, transmission, geographical distribution, epidemiology, detection, and control within each chapterOrganizes viroid diseases by viroid taxonomy and viroid species

VIROIDS

Part I Viroids: Economic Significance 1. Economic significance of viroids in vegetable and field crops 2. Economic significance of fruit tree and grapevine viroids 3. Economic significance of viroids in ornamental crops 4. Economic significance of palm tree viroids

Part II Viroid Characteristics 5. Viroid biology 6. Viroid structure 7. Viroid replication 8. Viroid movement 9. Viroid pathogenesis 10. Changes in the host proteome and transcriptome induced by viroid infection 11. Viroids and RNA silencing 12. Origin and evolution of viroids 13. Viroid taxonomy

Part III Viroid Diseases 14. Potato spindle tuber viroid 15. Other pospiviroids infecting solanaceous plants 16. Citrus exocortis viroid 17. Chrysanthemum stunt viroid 18. Iresine viroid 1 and a potential new pospiviroid from portulaca 19. Hop stunt viroid 20. Dahlia latent viroid 21. Apple scar skin viroid 22. Other apscaviroids infecting pome fruit trees 23. Apscaviroids infecting citrus trees 24. Apscaviroids infecting grapevine 25. Coconut cadang-cadang viroid and coconut tinangaja viroid 26. Other cocadviroids 27. Coleus blumei viroids 28. Avocado sunblotch viroid 29. Peach latent mosaic viroid in infected peach 30. Peach latent mosaic viroid in temperate fruit trees other than peach 31. Chrysanthemum chlorotic mottle viroid 32. Eggplant latent viroid

Part IV Detection and Identification Methods 33. Viroid detection and identification by bioassay 34. Gel electrophoresis 35. Molecular hybridization techniques for detecting and studying viroids 36. Viroid amplification methods: RT-PCR, Real- Time RT-PCR and RT-LAMP 37. Detection and identification of viroids by microarrays 38. Application of next-generation sequencing technologies to viroids

Part V Control Measures for Viroids and Viroid Diseases 39. Quarantine and certification for viroids and viroid diseases 40. Viroid elimination by thermotherapy, cold therapy, tissue culture, in vitro micrografting or cryotherapy 41. Decontamination measures to prevent mechanical transmission of viroids 42. Strategies to introduce resistance to viroids

Part VI Geographical Distribution of Viroids and Viroid Diseases 43. Geographical distribution of viroids in the Americas 44. Geographical distribution of viroids in Europe 45. Geographical distribution of viroids in Africa and the Middle East 46. Geographical distribution of viroids in Oceania 47. Geographical distribution of viroids in South, Southeast and East Asia

Part VII Special Topics 48. Seed, pollen and insect transmission of viroids 49. Genome editing by CRISPR-based technology: potential applications for viroids

SATELLITES

Part VIII Introduction 50. Satellite viruses and satellite nucleic acids

Part IX Impact of Satellites 51. Economic significance of satellites

Part X Satellite Characteristics 52. Biology of satellites 53. Replication of satellites 54. Satellite RNAs: their involvement in pathogenesis and RNA silencing 55. Development and application of satellite-based vectors 56. Origin and evolution of satellites 57. Satellite taxonomy

Part XI Types Satellites: A. Satellite Viruses 58. Biology and pathogenesis of satellite viruses

B. Satellite Nucleic Acids 59. Large satellite RNAs 60. Small linear satellite RNAs 61. Small circular satellite RNAs 62. Betasatellites of begomoviruses

Part XII Application to Control of Viruses 63. Satellites as viral biocontrol agents