Biomineralization

Biomineralization is the process that produces the skeletons, shells, and teeth of most animals. It is also involved in magnetic orientation, gravity detection, and the storing of ions. This book compares a diverse number of systems, including mineral deposition of invertebrates, vertebrates, algae, and microorganisms. Emphasis is placed on the systems responsible for converting ions to minerals and the mechanisms and control of mineral form.

Mechanisms.
Biomineralization: The Discipline.
The Deposition of Minerals.
The Origins of Biomineralization--Microbial Systems.
Eukaryotic Cells and the Accumulation of Ions.
The Control of Mineralization.
Cellular Organizations: Protoctista--Secreted Sculptures.
Plant Mineralization--Photosynthesis and Cell Walls.
Plant Mineralization--Ions, Silicification, and the Transpiration Stream.
Sponges--Spicules and Simple Skeletons.
Echinoderms--Cells and Syncytia. Coelenterates--Epithelia, Symbiotic Influences, and Energy Metabolism.
Annelids--Glandular Secretions.
Crustacea--The Dynamics of Epithelial Movements.
Molluscs--Epithelial Control of Matrix and Minerals.
Brachiopods--Fluorapatites and Calcareous Shells.
Vertebrates--Phosphatic Endoskeletons.
Global Aspects: Biogeochemical Cycles--Minerals and the Origin of Biomineralization.
Overview and Perspective.
Each chapter includes references.
Index.