Hallucinogens: A Forensic Drug Handbook

Hallucinogens: A Forensic Drug Handbook is a comprehensive reference for everyone involved in the identification, investigation, and forensic analysis of hallucinogenic drugs. The text begins with a review of the history of these drugs and their abuse, and then takes an in-depth look at the many different types of hallucinogens, their chemical make-up, how they affect users, how they are manufactured and distributed, and how they can be detected and analyzed.

Hallucinogens covers the most commonly abused drugs such as LSD, MDMA ("Ecstasy"), and PCP ("Angel Dust"), as well as many lesser-known chemical substances that cause similar effects. Chapters have been contributed by leading analysts and investigators around the world, and are highlighted with numerous illustrations. This unique handbook will serve is a cross-disciplinary source of information for forensic toxicologists, law enforcement officers, and others involved in the fight against drugs.

* Brings together comprehensive information on hallucinogenic drugs in one convenient source
* Covers everything from abuse of these drugs to pharmacology, effects, forms, manufacturing methods, distribution, and forensic analysis
* Contains numerous illustrations, chemical structures, and analytic spectra for each drug
* Includes contributions from many of the world's leading investigators and analysts

PREFACE vii
ABOUT THE AUTHORS ix
CHAPTER 1 HISTORY OF THE PSYCHEDELIC EXPERIENCE
1.0 ORIGIN
1.1 IDENTIFYING NATURAL SOURCES OF DRUGS AND THEIR ACTIVE CONSTITUENTS
1.2 WHAT WE HAVE NOT INCLUDED HERE
1.3 PSYCHEDELIC PLANTS
1.4 "MAGIC" MUSHROOMS
1.5 PEYOTE
1.6 OTHERS
1.7 ANIMAL-DERIVED HALLUCINOGENS
1.8 SOCIAL AND LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS
1.8 REFERENCES 31
CHAPTER 2 OCCURRENCES AND FORMS OF THE HALLUCINOGENS
2.0 INTRODUCTION
1.8 PART I: LSD:
2.1 LSD AND RELATED ANALOGS
2.2 FORMS OF THE DRUG
1.8 PART II: INDOLALKYLAMINES
2.3 PSILOCYBIN, BUFONTENINE AND OTHER SUBSTITUTED TRYPTAMINES
2.4 FORMS OF THE DRUGS
1.8 PART III: HALLUCINOGENIC PHENETHYLAMINES
2.5 MESCALINE/PEYOTE
2.6 MDA/MDMA
2.7 NEXUS (2-CB), STP, DOB, TMA
1.8 PART IV: PCP, PCP ANALOGS, AND KETAMINE
2.8 PCP AND KETAMINE
1.8 PART V: OTHERS
2.9 â-CARBOLINES
1.8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1.8 REFERENCES
CHAPTER 3 BASIC PHARMACOLOGY AND EFFECTS
3.0 INTRODUCTION: WHAT ARE THE HALLUCINOGENIC DRUGS?
3.1 THE PHENETHYLAMINES
3.2 THE TRYPTAMINES
3.3 SIGNIFICANT OTHERS
3.4 FEDERAL US DRUG LAW
1.8 REFERNCES
CHAPTER 4 METHODS OF ILLICIT MANUFACTURE
4.0 INTRODUCTION
4.1 ILLICIT MANUFACTURE
4.2 WORLDWIDE DISTRIBUTION
4.3 LAW ENFORCEMENT: AN INTERVIEW WITH AN LSD
CLANDESTINE CHEMIST
1.8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1.8 REFERNCES 182
CHAPTER 5 ANALYSIS OF THE HALLUCINOGENS
PART I: INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY:
5.0 THEORETICAL BASIS
5.1 INFRARED SPECTROMETER INSTRUMENTATION
5.2 INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF LSD
5.3 INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF PHENYLALKYLAMINES
5.4 INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF PHENCYCLIDINE AND ANALOGUES
5.5 INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF TRYPTAMINES
5.6 FURTHER READING
PART II: MASS SPECTROMETRY:
5.7 THEORETICAL BASIS
5.8 MASS SPECTROMETRY OF LSD
5.9 MASS SPECTROMETRY OF PHENYLALKYLAMINES
5.10 MASS SPECTROMETRY OF PHENCYCLIDINE AND ANALOGUES
5.11 MASS SPECTROMETRY OF TRYPTAMINES
5.12 FURTHER READING
PART III: NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROMETRY:
5.13 THEORETICAL BASIS
5.14 THE NMR EXPERIMENT
5.15 PHENCYCLIDINE AND RELATED SUBSTANCES
5.16 MDA AND ANALOGUES
5.17 ERGOT AND OTHER INDOLE ALKALOIDS
5.18 TRYPTAMINES
1.8 REFERENCES
INDEX