Advanced Water Injection for Low Permeability Reservoirs: Theory and Practice

Concise and readable, Water Injection For Low Permeability Reservoirs provides operators with the proper workflow systems and engineering techniques for designing, planning and implementing  water injection systems that will improve recovery factors. When used in low permeability or ultra-low permeability reservoirs, water injection is one of the most economical methods for ensuring maximum production rates. This book provides both theoretical analysis and practical cases for designing and evaluating water injection systems and understanding key production variables involved in making detailed predictions for oil and water producing rates, water injection rates, and recovery efficiency.

This book clearly explains the characteristics of ultra-low permeability reservoirs and linear flow theories. These topics are then applied to design and implementation. Application cases of four oilfields are included to help develop concepts while illustrating the proper workflow for ensuring waterflooding performance analysis and optimization. The book can be used as a reference for field technical personnel, or as technical support for the management personnel.

Discusses characteristics of low and ultra-low permeability reservoirs and linear flow theoriesProvides detailed examinations of aspects such as stress sensitivity, fracturing timing, and nonlinear flow theoryDescribes design and implementation of advanced waterflooding systemsIncludes real case studies from four oilfields

Table of Content

Introduction

1 Characteristic of Extra-low Permeability Reservoirs in Erdos Basin

1.1 Geological features

1.2 Conventional Water Injection Characteristics

1.3 The Proposal of in-Advance Water Injection

2 Nonlinear Flow Theory in Extra-low Permeability Reservoirs

2.1 Stress Sensitivity of Extra-low Permeability Reservoirs

2.2 Starting Pressure Gradient of Extra-low Permeability Reservoirs

2.3 Characteristic Analysis of Nonlinear Flow in Extra-low Permeability Reservoirs

2.4 Use of Nonlinear Flow Theory in-Advance Water Injection

3 Design of in-Advance Water Injection in Extra-low Permeability Reservoirs

3.1 Well Pattern System

3.2 in-Advance Water Injection Timing

3.3 Injection and production parameters

3.4 Fracturing timing

4 Technical Support of in-Advance Water Injection

4.1 Rapid evaluation techniques of large-scale Extra-low Permeability Lithology Reservoirs

4.2 Ancillary equipment of Advance Water Injection

4.3 Node control of Advance Water Injection

5 Practice of in-Advance Water Injection

5.1 Jingan Oilfield

5.2 Ansai Oilfield

5.3 Xifeng Oilfield

5.4 Nanliang Oilfield

References