Advances in Geophysics: Earth Heterogeneity and Scattering Effects on Seismic Waves

Seismic waves generated by earthquakes have been interpreted to provide us information about the Earth’s structure across a variety of scales. For short periods of less than 1 second, the envelope of seismograms changes significantly with increased travel distance and coda waves are excited by scattering due to randomly distributed heterogeneities in the Earth. Deterministic structures such as horizontally uniform velocity layer models in traditional seismology cannot explain these phenomena. This book focuses on the Earth heterogeneity and scattering effects on seismic waves. Topics covered are recent developments in wave theory and observation including: coda wave analysis for mapping medium heterogeneity and monitoring temporal variation of physical properties, radiation of short-period seismic waves from an earthquake fault, weak localization of seismic waves, attenuation of seismic waves in randomly porous media, synthesis of seismic wave envelopes in short periods, and laboratory investigations of ultrasonic wave propagation in rock samples.

Understanding new methods for the analysis of short-period seismic waves to characterize the random heterogeneity of the Earth on many scalesObservations of seismic wave scatteringDiscussion of techniques for mapping medium heterogeneity and for monitoring temporal change in medium characteristicsUp-to-date techniques for the synthesis of wave envelopes in random media

1.Geometrical optics of acoustic media with anisometric random heterogeneities: Travel time statistics of reflected and refracted waves
2. Monitoring temporal variations of physical properties inside the lithosphere by cross-correlating P and S arrivals and the coda of doublets
3. Source Effects from Broad Area Network Calibration of Regional Distance Coda Waves
4. A scattering wave-guide of heterogeneous subducting plate
5. Coherent Back-scattering and weak Localization of Seismic Waves
6. Observing and modeling elastic scattering in the deep Earth
7. Coda Q and coda energy distribution
8. Synthesis of vector-wave envelopes in random elastic media on the basis of the Markov approximation
9. Seismic wave scattering in volcanoes