Functional Neurobiology of Aging

Some well-known age-related neurological diseases include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, deafness, and blindness. Even more common are the problems of aging which are not due to disease but to more subtle impairments in neurobiological systems, including impairments in vision, memory loss, muscle weakening, and loss of reproductive functions, changes in body weight, and sleeplessness. As the average age of our society increases, diseases of aging continue to become more common, and conditions associated with aging need more attention by doctors and researchers. In 1991, patients over the age of 65 saw their doctors an average of eight times per year. Research funding is provided by the Neuroscience and Neuropsychology of Aging (NNA) Program, which is run by the National Institute on Aging. This book offers a comprehensive overview of all topics related to functional impairments which are related to the aging brain and nervous system. It is organized according to four general functions: movement, senses, memory, and neuroendocrine regulation. Written by the leading researchers in the field, this comprehensive work addresses both impairments associated with diseases and not associated with diseases, making it easier to understand the mechanisms involved. Functional Neurobiology of Aging is an important reference for professionals and students involved in aging research, as well as physicians who need to recognize and understand age-related impairments.

Organized by function, making it easy to find and understand the materialAddresses impairments both associated with diseases and not associated with diseasesWritten by leading researchers in the fieldMost comprehensive source of information on the neurobiology of aging

Contributors.
Foreword.
Preface.
Overview:
Introduction to Concepts in Aging Research:
Age-Specific Rates of Neurological Disease, J.E. Riggs.
Nature versus Nurture in the Aging Brain, C.V. Mobbs and J.W. Rowe.
Neurochemistry of Receptor Dynamics in the Aging Brain, B.J. Keck and J.M. Lakoski.
Epidemiology of Neural Aging:
Demography and Epidemiology of Age-Associated Neuronal Impairment, C.K. Cassel and K. Ek.
Memory: Neocortical and Hippocampal Functions:
Neuropsychology of Human Aging.
Memory Changes with Aging and Dementia, P.D. Harvey and R.C. Mohs.
Histology of Age-Related Cortical Changes in Humans:
Types of Age-Related Brain Lesions and Relationship to Neuropathological Diagnostic Systems of Alzheimer's Disease, P. Giannakopoulos, E. Kövari, G. Gold, P.R. Hof, and C. Bouras.
Morphological changes in Human Cerebral Cortex during Normal Aging, T. Bussière and P.R. Hof.
Longevity and Brain Aging: The Paradigm of Centenarians, C. Bouras, P.G. Vallet, E. Kövari, J.-P. Michel, F.R. Herrmann, P.R. Hof, and P. Giannakopoulos .
Alzheimer's Disease:
Regional and Laminar Patterns of Selective Neuronal Vulnerability in Alzheimer's Disease, P.R. Hof.
Patterns of Cortical Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's Disease: Subgroups, Subtypes, and Implications for Staging Strategies, B.A. Vogt, L.J. Vogt, and P.R. Hof.
Non-Alzheimer Age-Associated Dementing Disorders:
Vascular Dementia, G. Gold, C. Bouras, J.-P. Michel, P.R. Hof, and P. Giannakopoulos.
Frontotemporal Dementias: From Classification Problems to Pathogenetic Uncertainties, P. Giannakopoulos, E. Kövari, G. Gold, P.R. Hof and C. Bouras.
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Corticobasal Degeneration, D.W. Dickson.
Neurobiology of Disorders with Lewy Bodies, L. Hansen and E. Masliah.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/Parkinsonism-Dementia Complex of Guam, D.P. Perl.
In Vivo Imaging of Aging Brain:
Brain Energy Metabolism: Cellular Aspects and Relevance to Functional Brain Imaging, P.J. Magistretti, S. Joray, and L. Pellerin.
Functional Imaging in Cognitively Intact Aged People, N.D. Anderson and C.L. Grady.
Functional Brain Studies of the Neurometabolic Bases of Cognitive and Behavioral Changes in Alzheimer's Disease, P. Pietrini, M.L. Furey, M. Guazzelli, and G.E. Alexander.
Biochemical Correlates of Memory Impairments:
Cholinergic Basal Forebrain Systems in the Primate Central Nervous System: Anatomy, Connectivity, Neurochemistry, Aging, Dementia, and Experimental Therapeutics, E.J. Mufson and J.H. Kordower.
Glutamate Receptors in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease, A. Mishizen, M. Ikonomovic, and D.M. Armstrong.
Tau Phosphorylation, L. Buée and A. Delacourte.
Hereditary Basis of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias:
Etiology, Genetics, and Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease, C. McKeon-O'Malley and R. Tanzi.
Nonhereditary Mechanisms of Alzheimer's Disease:
Inflammation, Free Radicals, Glycation, Metabolism and Apoptosis, and Heavy Metals, M.P. Mattson.
Rodent Models of Age-Related Memory Impairments:
Rodent Models of Age-Related Memory Impairments, D.K. Ingram.
Genetically Engineered Models of Human Age-Related Neurogenerative Diseases, J.C. Vickers.
Nonhuman Primate and Other Vertebrate Models of Brain Aging:
Cognitive Aging in Nonhuman Primates, M.G. Baxter.
Brain Aging in Strepsirhine Primates, E.P. Gilissen, M. Dhenain, and J.M. Allman.
Age-Related Morphologic Alterations in the Brain of Old World and New World Anthropoid Monkeys, P.R. Hof and H. Duan.
The Study of Brain Aging in Great Apes, J.M. Erwin, E.A. Nimchinsky, P.J. Gannon, D.P. Perl, and P.R. Hof.
Neurobiological Models of Aging in the Dog and Other Vertebrate Species, E. Head, N.W. Milgram, and C.W. Cotman.
Interventions:
Estrogens and Alzheimer's Disease, N.D. Tsopelas and D.B. Marin.
Cholinergic Treatments of Alzheimer's Disease, N.D. Tsopelas and D.B. Marin.
Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Therapies in Alzheimer's Disease, P.S. Aisen and G.M. Pasinetti.
Senses: Sensory Cortices and Primary Afferent Functions:
Vision:
The Retina in Aging and in Alzheimer's Disease, R.O. Kuljis.
Pathogenesis of Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy, M.R. Hernandez and A.H. Neufeld.
Color Vision, Object Recognition, and Spatial Localization in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease, A. Cronin-Golomb.
Hearing:
Anatomical and Neurochemical Bases of Presbycusis, R.D. Frisina, Jr..
Age, Noise, and Ototoxic Agents, R.J. Salvi, D. Ding, A.C. Eddins, S.L. McFadden, and D. Henderson.
Auditory Temporal Processing during Aging, D.R. Frisinia, R.D. Frisinia, Jr., K.B. Snell, R. Burkard, J.P. Walton, and J.R. Ison.
Neurophysiological Manifestations of Aging in the Peripheral and Central Auditory Nervous System, J.P. Walton and R. Burkard.
Genetics and Age-Related Hearing Loss, S.L. McFadden.
Animal Models of Presbycusis and the Aging Auditory System, J.F. Willott.
The Development of Animal Models for the Study of Presbycusis: Building a Behavioral Link between Perception and Physiology, J.R. Ison.
Rehabilitation for Presbycusis, D.G. Sims and R. Burkard.
Chemical Senses:
Olfaction and Gustation in Normal Aging and Alzheimer's Disease, R.L. Doty.
Locomotion: Basal Ganglia and Muscular Functions:
Functional Impairments in Humans:
Aging Effects on Muscle Properties and Human Performance, S.A. Jubrias and K.E. Conley.
Parkinson's Disease: Symptoms and Age Dependency, S.A. Eshuis and K.L. Leenders.
Pathology and Biochemistry of Aging and Disease of Basal Ganglia:
The Basal Ganglia Dopaminergic Systems in Normal Aging and Parkinson's Disease, J.N. Joyce.
Huntington's Disease, S.E. Browne and M.F. Beal.
Animal Models:
Biochemical and Anatomical Changes in Basal Ganglia of Aging Animals, J.A. Stanford, M.A. Hebert, and G.A. Gerhardt.
Homeostasis: Hypothalamus and Related Systems:
Reproduction and the Aging Brain:
Male Sexual Behavior during Aging, H. Kuno, M. Godschalk, and T. Mulligan.
Sexual Behavior in Aging Women, N.E. Avis.
Factors Influencing the Onset of Female Reproductive Senescence, P.S. LaPolt and J.K.H. Lu.
Female Sexuality during Aging, N.L. McCoy.
Hypothalamic Neuropeptide Gene Expression in Postmenopausal Women, N.E. Rance and T.W. Abel.
Neuroendocrine Aspects of Female Reproductive Aging, P.M. Wise and M.J. Smith.
Hypothalamic Changes Relevant to Reproduction in Aging Male Rodents, D.A. Gruenewald and A.M. Matsumoto.
Metabolism and the Aging Brain:
Regulation of Energy Intake in Old Age, S.B. Roberts and N.P. Hays.
Thermoregulation during Aging, B.A. Horwitz, A.M. Gabaldón, and R.B. McDonald.
Biological Rhythms and the Aging Brain:
Sleep and Hormonal Rhythms in Humans, G. Copinschi, R. Leproult, and E. Van Cauter.
Circadian Rhythms and Sleep in Aging Rodents, D.E. Kolker and F.W. Turek.
Glucocorticoid Secretion and the Aging Brain:
Clucocorticoids and the Aging Brain: Cause or Consequence?
P.J. Lucassen and E.R. De Kloet.
Growth Hormone, Insulin-like Growth Factor-1, and the Aging Brain, P.L. Thornton and W.E. Sonntag.
Automatic Nervous System and the Aging Brain:
The Aged Sympathetic Nervous System, G.A. Kuchel and T. Cowen.
Appendix.
Basic Genetic Concepts.