Concise Encyclopedia of Biological and Biomedical Measurement Systems

The ability to conduct measurements on living organisms and systems has developed at a momentous rate concurrent with changes in technology over recent years. Measurement plays a vital role in developing our understanding of biological processes and in furthering our ability to understand and then treat illnesses and injuries. However, in conducting measurements on living organisms the information we collect comes in many different guises, is variable and the measurand is often unstable. Understanding these complexities is fundamental to biological and biomedical measurement. This concise encyclopedia therefore contains more than a comprehensive survey of the measurement systems. It includes also descriptions of the biological systems and subsystems so that the way in which decisions are made on measurement for a given application can be understood more easily. The encyclopedia contains specially commissioned articles and updated and revised articles from the acclaimed Systems and Control Encyclopedia. A vast array of disciplines are covered in this concise, comprehensive single volume, which will be a vital reference tool for practitioners in the area, measurement experts moving into the biological and biomedical field and beginners needing to understand methods of measurement and the complexities of the measurand.

Absorption spectroscopy. Acoustic microscopy. Amplifiers and isolation. Applied potential imaging. Auditory perception. Biotelemetry. Blood flow: invasive and noninvasive measurement. Bone: measurements of properties. Cells. Circulatory system. Computerized axial tomography. Coulter counters. Data acquisition and analysis, computer-aided. Dentistry: equipment and devices. Dentistry: research. Digestive system: myoelectric activity. Electrical safety. Electrocardiograms: computer analysis. Electroencephalography. Emission spectroscopy. Fetal monitoring. Gait analysis: measurements. Heart-valve prostheses: performance measurement. His bundle electrocardiography. Insects: measurements. Jaws and teeth. Joints: biomechanics. Kidney prostheses, portable. Lung modelling. Magnetic resonance imaging. Mechanical aids for locomotion. Microbiology measurements. Muscle-bone connections. Nervous system. Neuromuscular control. Olfactory measurements and modelling. Optical microscopy. Physiological temperature measurement. Posture and balance: measurements. Radiography in dentistry. Radioisotopic imaging. Respiratory system. Scanning electron microscopy. Sensory systems: transduction mechanisms. Skin: biomechanics. Soft tissue: dielectric properties. Speech: measurements. Stereological analysis of heterogeneous solids. Tactile measurements and modelling. Taste measurement and modelling. Telemetry in the musculoskeletal system. Thermal imaging. Transmission electron microscopy. Ultrasonic imaging. Urinary system: functional measurements. Visual system: psychophysics. X-ray imaging.